Complex restoration of oil-contaminated soils with new organomineral reagents

The effectiveness of the treatment of oil-contaminated soil with organomineral reagents containing activated Rau-85 aluminum alloy, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of ethoxins and neutralize the effects of oil and oil products on the soil, has been evaluated. Humic and fulvic acids were used as organomineral reagents. Organomineral reagents were characterized by FT-IR absorption spectra, as well as by thermogravimetric analysis methods. It has been established that complex compounds are formed during the interaction of humic acid with activated aluminum alloys. The peak in the region from 2100-2400 cm-1 is typical for the complex compound of aluminum with humic acids. The physicochemical properties of the oil-contaminated soil were studied, the morphological and structural features were characterized, as well as the surface elemental composition of the soil before and after treatment. The desorption of crude oil from the soil using the Rau-85 alloy and its complex with humates was confirmed by SEM and EDX methods. A decrease in the concentration of oil by 22.6% was revealed after the treatment of soils with Rau-85 alloys. The use of the Rau-85 alloy complex and organomineral fertilizer demonstrated a decrease in oil concentration by 12.18% and the germination of seeds of the legume family on the 7th day after sowing, and on the 14th day - active growth. The combination of Rau-85 alloy and organo-mineral fertilizer can be used as an effective soil washing agent for crude oil components, which is an effective solution for remediation of oil-contaminated soil.

本研究评估了含活化Rau-85铝合金的有机矿物试剂修复石油污染土壤的效果，该试剂可降低乙氧基化合物浓度，中和石油及石油类产物对土壤的不良影响。实验以腐殖酸与富里酸作为有机矿物试剂，通过傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析法对该类试剂进行了表征。研究证实，腐殖酸与活化铝合金相互作用时会生成复合化合物，2100~2400 cm⁻¹波段处的特征峰为铝与腐殖酸形成复合化合物的典型标志。本研究对石油污染土壤的理化性质、形貌与结构特征，以及处理前后土壤的表面元素组成开展了表征分析。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）方法，证实了利用Rau-85铝合金及其与腐殖酸盐的复合物可从土壤中解吸原油。经Rau-85铝合金修复的土壤，其石油浓度降低了22.6%。采用Rau-85铝合金复合物与有机矿物肥料进行修复时，土壤石油浓度降低了12.18%；且在播种第7天即可观测到豆科植物种子萌发，第14天种子呈现旺盛生长态势。Rau-85铝合金与有机矿物肥料的复配体系可作为有效的原油组分土壤洗脱剂，为石油污染土壤的修复提供了高效可行的解决方案。