Biology Year Report for Davis Station, 1982

Taken from the biology report for Davis Station, 1982, prepared by Mark Tucker.A hardcopy of the report and field books are available in the Australian Antarctic Division library, and pdf copies of the report and field books are available for download at the provided URLs.IntroductionThe year biology programme for the 1982 season was divided amongst three persons into Phytoplankton, Chlorophyll, Invertebrates and Fish. As the zoologist, I will therefore concentrate on the animal, aspect.The aims of this programme as outlined in the ARPAC approved "A survey of the inshore marine area of Davis" are:1) A systematic investigation to determine the flora and fauna of the marine inshore environment.2) To explain their distribution and abundance in response to environmental variables.The first aim can be divided into two categories:1) Wide range collection of the benthic, planktonic, pelagic and epontic faunas from the inshore waters of the Vestfold Hills.2) Quantitative examination of the seasonal and distributional changes of the more common species.Most of the wide range collecting of the benthos and to a certain extent the plankton was carried out over the 81/81 summer. Collections were made from as far north as the Wyatt Earp islands and in the south near the Sorsdal Glacier. As wide a coverage as possible of the Vestfolds was made plus a visit to the Rauer group on one occasion. The planktonic fauna was collected throughout the year on a monthly basis from three sites from January 82 to December 82 while the pelagic and epontic faunas were collected monthly from the same sites after fast ice formation - April to December. Additions were made to the benthic collections throughout the year if any previously uncollected or interesting specimens were observed.These collections have culminated in over 150 species. I would expect the total number of different species to be around 200 once all are identified. Representatives of all the species collected will be returned to Biology, Kingston, for reference for future workers in the marine invertebrate field.The second aim, the quantitative examination, was carried out over a 12 month period from January 82 to December 82 at three sites - A, B and C (figure 1). These sites were selected on the criteria of depth, proximity to Davis and most importantly sediment types. Site A is 9m deep with a sandy bottom and a few odd rocks. It has a relatively low (5% or less) macrophytic cover. Site B is 20m deep with a mud bottom and zero macrophytes while site C is 15m deep with a rocky bottom and scattered pockets of sand and shell fragments etc. and 5-10% macrophyte cover. Sites A and B are relatively flat while C is situated on quite a steep slope. Sediment samples have been retained from each site to enable particle size analysis for more accurate descriptions of the sediment types.Several zooplankton, sediment inhabiting and macroscopic benthic species were monitored on a monthly basis for the year. Fish were sampled at sites A and C while the epontic community was sampled after ice formation at all three sites.The environmental variables measured were ice and snow thickness, tide, hours of daylight, salinity, nutrients, water temperature plus chlorophyll data and phytoplankton numbers. These variables are to be used in statistical analysis as a means of explaining the abundance and distribution of the species studied.

本数据集源自1982年戴维斯站（Davis Station）的生物学报告，由马克·塔克（Mark Tucker）编制。该报告的纸质副本及野外记录本可于澳大利亚南极局（Australian Antarctic Division）图书馆查阅，报告与野外记录本的PDF版本可通过指定链接下载获取。
引言
1982年度生物学研究计划由三名研究人员分工开展，分别覆盖浮游植物、叶绿素、无脊椎动物与鱼类相关研究领域。作为动物学家，我将重点聚焦于动物相关研究内容。本研究计划遵循ARPAC批准的《戴维斯近岸海域调查》（A survey of the inshore marine area of Davis）方案制定，核心目标分为两点：
1. 开展系统性调查，明确近岸海洋环境中的动植物区系组成；
2. 阐明研究对象的分布特征与丰度变化对环境变量的响应机制。
第一项研究目标可进一步划分为两类任务：
1. 从韦斯特福尔丘陵（Vestfold Hills）近岸海域广泛采集底栖、浮游、大洋性以及冰栖生物类群，采样范围北至怀亚特厄普群岛（Wyatt Earp Islands），南至索斯达尔冰川（Sorsdal Glacier）附近区域，尽可能覆盖韦斯特福尔丘陵全域，并曾于一次科考任务中访问劳尔群岛（Rauer Group）。
2. 对常见物种的季节性变化与分布特征开展定量检测分析。
绝大多数底栖生物的大范围采集工作，以及部分浮游生物采样工作，均在1981-1982年夏季完成。浮游生物类群的采样工作于1982年1月至12月期间每月开展，共设置三个固定采样站点；而大洋性与冰栖生物类群则在固定冰形成后（即4月至12月），于上述三个站点每月进行采样。若在野外发现此前未采集到的物种或极具研究价值的标本，将随时补充至底栖生物采集样本库中。
本次采集工作累计获得超过150个物种，预计完成全部物种鉴定后，总物种数将达到约200种。所有采集到的物种标本将被送返金斯顿（Kingston）生物学部门，以供未来从事海洋无脊椎动物研究的科研人员参考使用。
第二项研究目标，即定量检测分析工作，于1982年1月至12月期间，在A、B、C三个采样站点（见图1）开展。站点选取标准包括水深、与戴维斯站的距离，其中最重要的考量因素为底质类型。站点A水深9米，底质为沙质，散布少量岩石，大型水生植物覆盖率较低（约5%或更低）；站点B水深20米，底质为泥质，无大型水生植物分布；站点C水深15米，底质为岩质，散布有沙粒与贝壳碎片等沉积物，大型水生植物覆盖率为5%-10%。站点A与B地势相对平坦，而站点C位于较为陡峭的斜坡上。各站点的底质样本均已留存，用于开展粒径分析以更精准地描述底质类型。
在全年的监测工作中，每月对多种浮游动物、沉积物栖息类群以及大型底栖生物物种开展采样调查。鱼类采样仅在站点A与C进行，而冰栖群落则在固定冰形成后，于三个站点同步开展采样。
本次研究测定的环境变量包括冰雪厚度、潮汐、日照时长、盐度、营养盐含量、水温，以及叶绿素数据与浮游植物种群数量。上述变量将用于统计分析，以阐释研究物种的丰度与分布规律。