Replication Data for: Implications of Timanian thrust systems in the Barents Sea and Svalbard on using paleontological constraints for plate tectonics reconstructions

Figure_1a-b: high-resolution version of Figure 1a-b in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: (a) Overview of Timanian thrust systems and fingerprints in the Norwegian Arctic showing the location of the study area (white frame). The dashed black line marks the boundary between the Russian and Norwegian Barents Sea. (b) Overview of the study area in the Norwegian Barents Sea showing major Timanian thrust systems and the location of seismic profiles displayed in Figure 2. The basemap is the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean from Jakobsson et al. (2012). Abbreviations: AA: Atomfjella Antiform; BeFZ: Bellsundbanken fault zone; BFZ: Billefjorden Fault Zone; H2: Hopen-2 exploration well; KCFZ: Kongsfjorden–Cowanodden fault zone; KDFZ: Kinnhøgda–Daudbjørnpynten fault zone; LFZ: Lomfjorden Fault Zone; NY: Ny Friesland; P1: Plurdalen-1 exploration well; RA: Rijpdalen Anticline; R1: Raddedalen-1 exploration well; SKFZ: Steiløya–Krylen fault zone; Sø: Sørkapp; VKSZ: Vimsodden–Kosibapasset Shear Zone. Figure_2a: high-resolution version of Figure 2a in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: Seismic profiles (a) in Storfjorden, (b) south of Hopen, and (c) between Bjørnøya and Spitsbergen. The profiles show several kilometers thick, crustal-scale, dominantly NNE-dipping Timanian thrust systems (black lines) within Proterozoic basement rocks, and related overprints within lower Paleozoic, upper Paleozoic, and Mesozoic (–Cenozoic?) successions. The profiles also show major (erosional) unconformities between the Proterozoic basement, lower Paleozoic, and upper Paleozoic successions (white half-arrows). Figure_2b: high-resolution version of Figure 2b in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: Seismic profiles (a) in Storfjorden, (b) south of Hopen, and (c) between Bjørnøya and Spitsbergen. The profiles show several kilometers thick, crustal-scale, dominantly NNE-dipping Timanian thrust systems (black lines) within Proterozoic basement rocks, and related overprints within lower Paleozoic, upper Paleozoic, and Mesozoic (–Cenozoic?) successions. The profiles also show major (erosional) unconformities between the Proterozoic basement, lower Paleozoic, and upper Paleozoic successions (white half-arrows). Figure_2c: high-resolution version of Figure 2c in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: Seismic profiles (a) in Storfjorden, (b) south of Hopen, and (c) between Bjørnøya and Spitsbergen. The profiles show several kilometers thick, crustal-scale, dominantly NNE-dipping Timanian thrust systems (black lines) within Proterozoic basement rocks, and related overprints within lower Paleozoic, upper Paleozoic, and Mesozoic (–Cenozoic?) successions. The profiles also show major (erosional) unconformities between the Proterozoic basement, lower Paleozoic, and upper Paleozoic successions (white half-arrows). Figure_3a-d: high-resolution version of Figure 3a-d in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: (a) Zoom in seismic data showing the undulating geometry of reflection characterizing Proterozoic basement and lower Paleozoic successions, whereas reflections within upper Paleozoic succession are relatively flat lying (white lines). (b) Zoom in seismic data showing toplap geometries in moderately NNE-dipping reflections below the fuchsia and pink reflections in the north, and the onlapping character of reflections at the base of the upper Paleozoic succession over the lower Paleozoic reflection (white half-arrows). (c) Zoom in seismic data Between Bjørnøya and Sørkapp showing the onlapping character of reflections within the lower Paleozoic succession onto a Proterozoic basement paleo-high (white half-arrows) and early Paleozoic reactivation of an inherited Timanian thrust that offset the base of the lower Paleozoic succession in a reverse fashion. (d) Zoom in seismic data showing toplap geometries near the top of the lower Paleozoic succession and onlap geometries at the base of the upper Paleozoic succession (white half-arrows). See location of (a–d) zooms in Figure 2. The legend is identical to Figure 2, except where specified otherwise. Figure_4a-b: high-resolution version of Figure 4a-b in the above-mentioned manuscript. Figure caption from the manuscript: Conceptual model showing how emerged paleo-highs in the Barents Sea and Svalbard following (a) preexisting Timanian thrusts in the Cambrian and (b) both inherited Timanian and newly formed Caledonian thrusts in the Ordovician controlled biological exchanges/mixing between Svalbard and Baltica in the early Paleozoic. Despite the opening of Iapetus, biological mixing between Greenland and Svalbard may have been possible until the Early Ordovician when top-east/southeast Caledonian thrusting and folding initiated, which was possibly compensated by transgression due to the closing of Iapetus (Fortey, 1984). Present...图1a-b：上述论文中图1a-b的高分辨率版本。图注源自原文：(a) 挪威北极地区蒂曼逆冲系统（Timanian thrust systems）及其识别标志概览，标注了研究区位置（白色方框）。黑色虚线为俄罗斯与挪威巴伦支海（Barents Sea）的海域边界。(b) 挪威巴伦支海研究区概览，展示了主要蒂曼逆冲系统以及图2中地震剖面的位置。底图为Jakobsson等人（2012）发布的《北极洋国际水深图（International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean）》。缩写说明：AA：Atomfjella背斜（Atomfjella Antiform）；BeFZ：Bellsundbanken断裂带（Bellsundbanken fault zone）；BFZ：Billefjorden断裂带（Billefjorden Fault Zone）；H2：Hopen-2勘探井（Hopen-2 exploration well）；KCFZ：Kongsfjorden–Cowanodden断裂带（Kongsfjorden–Cowanodden fault zone）；KDFZ：Kinnhøgda–Daudbjørnpynten断裂带（Kinnhøgda–Daudbjørnpynten fault zone）；LFZ：Lomfjorden断裂带（Lomfjorden Fault Zone）；NY：Ny Friesland；P1：Plurdalen-1勘探井（Plurdalen-1 exploration well）；RA：Rijpdalen背斜（Rijpdalen Anticline）；R1：Raddedalen-1勘探井（Raddedalen-1 exploration well）；SKFZ：Steiløya–Krylen断裂带（Steiløya–Krylen fault zone）；Sø：Sørkapp；VKSZ：Vimsodden–Kosibapasset剪切带（Vimsodden–Kosibapasset Shear Zone）。 图2a：上述论文中图2a的高分辨率版本。图注源自原文：地震剖面(a) 位于斯多夫峡湾（Storfjorden），(b) 位于霍平岛（Hopen）以南，(c) 位于熊岛（Bjørnøya）与斯匹次卑尔根岛（Spitsbergen）之间。剖面显示元古代（Proterozoic）基底岩石中厚达数千米、地壳尺度、整体呈北东北向倾斜的蒂曼逆冲系统（黑色线条），以及下古生界（lower Paleozoic）、上古生界（upper Paleozoic）和中生界（Mesozoic）（–新生界（Cenozoic）？）地层中的相关叠加变形。剖面还显示了元古代基底、下古生界与上古生界地层之间的主要（侵蚀）不整合面（白色半箭头）。 图2b：上述论文中图2b的高分辨率版本。图注与图2a完全一致。 图2c：上述论文中图2c的高分辨率版本。图注与图2a完全一致。 图3a-d：上述论文中图3a-d的高分辨率版本。图注源自原文：(a) 地震数据局部放大图，显示元古代基底与下古生界地层的反射波呈起伏状几何形态，而上古生界地层内的反射波相对平缓（白色线条）。(b) 地震数据局部放大图，显示北部紫红色与粉色反射层下方呈中等北东北向倾斜的反射波的顶超（toplap）几何形态，以及上古生界地层底部反射波在下古生界反射层之上的上超（onlap）特征（白色半箭头）。(c) 位于熊岛（Bjørnøya）与绍尔角（Sørkapp）之间的地震数据局部放大图，显示下古生界地层内的反射波在元古代基底古隆起之上的上超特征（白色半箭头），以及早古生代时期继承性蒂曼逆冲构造的再活动，该逆冲构造以逆冲方式错断了下古生界地层的底面。(d) 地震数据局部放大图，显示下古生界地层顶部附近的顶超几何形态，以及上古生界地层底部的上超几何形态（白色半箭头）。(a–d)的放大位置见图2。图例与图2一致，除非另有说明。 图4a-b：上述论文中图4a-b的高分辨率版本。图注源自原文：概念模型展示了巴伦支海与斯瓦尔巴群岛（Svalbard）出露的古隆起如何受以下因素控制：(a) 寒武纪时期预先存在的蒂曼逆冲构造，以及(b) 奥陶纪时期继承的蒂曼逆冲与新形成的加里东逆冲构造，进而控制了早古生代时期斯瓦尔巴群岛与波罗的大陆（Baltica）之间的生物交换/混合。尽管伊阿珀托斯洋（Iapetus）开始扩张，但格陵兰与斯瓦尔巴群岛之间的生物混合可能一直持续到早奥陶世，此时北东/东南向的加里东逆冲与褶皱作用开始，这一过程可能因伊阿珀托斯洋闭合引发的海侵得到补偿（Fortey, 1984）。现今……