Tonto National Monumemnt: An Archaeological Survey: Archaeological Investigations in the Tonto Basin, Central Arizona

This report represents an inventory of the cultural resources within Tonto National Monument in central Arizona. It describes the results of the 100-percent survey of the monument, presents a discussion of previous work done in the Tonto Basin and of the cultural history and natural setting of the regIon. This is followed by site descriptions, artifact analyses and results, interpretations of the subsistence patterns and external relationships of the inhabitants of the sites, and chronology of the area.

The archeological survey of Tonto National Monument identified 65 sites, most of which are Salado sites (A.D. 1100-1450), contemporaneous with the well-known Upper and Lower Ruins. There was also evidence of Archaic period (about 8000 B.C.-A.D. 1), Apache or Yavapai (about A.D. 1500), and historic Euro-American (about A.D. 1900) use of the region.

本报告为亚利桑那州中部托顿国家纪念地（Tonto National Monument）内的文化资源清单，详述了对该纪念地的100%全覆盖调查成果，梳理了汤顿盆地（Tonto Basin）既往研究工作，并对该区域的文化历史与自然环境展开论述。随后本文依次呈现遗址描述、遗物分析及相关结果、遗址居民生计模式与外部交往关系的阐释，以及该区域的年代序列。
本次对托顿国家纪念地开展的考古调查共确认65处遗址，其中绝大多数为萨拉多文化遗址（Salado sites，公元1100-1450年），其年代与知名的上、下废墟（Upper and Lower Ruins）同期。此外还发现该区域存在古风期（Archaic period，约公元前8000年-公元1年）、阿帕奇或亚瓦派人（约公元1500年）以及近代欧美裔（约公元1900年）活动的相关遗存。