Chemical and biological assessment of produced formation water (PFW) at Harriet A platform on the North West Shelf, Western Australia

A comprehensive biological and chemical assessment of the fate, effects and potential risks associated with Produced Formation Water (PFW) were conducted at the Harriet A platform on the North West Shelf of Australia. A controlled in situ caging study was conducted using a Australian, tropical reef species, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus), deployed in 6 separate galvanised steel cages set 1m subsurface at 3 stations; Site A (near-field~ 300 m), Site B (far-field, ~ 1000 m) and Site C, a reference site. Samples were collected at T= 0, T= 3 and T=10 days for EROD, cytochrome P450, bile metabolites, CYP1A, CYP2K1- and CYP2M1-like proteins, vitellogenin, GST, HSI, and histopathological assessment of liver and gills. In addition, time-integrated water column samplers (SPMDs) were deployed at all 3 sites to assess in situ petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations. The results from a 3 factor nested ANOVA, demonstrated that were no effects of cages nested in site, and no interactions between cages and time of sampling, therefore the effect of cages was removed from all subsequent analyses. As a result of univariate analysis (ANOVA), bile metabolites, CYP1A, CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins, and histopathological assessment of livers and gills were statistically significant (p < 0.05) at Site A after 10 days of exposure to PFW, corresponding with higher levels of PAHs at this site. Analysis by Principal Component established trends that the CYP-like proteins explained most of the variation amongst all biomarker responses, and these correlations were driven largely by the effects of site (Site A) and time of sampling (T=10). This study demonstrated that PFW discharged into this shallow tropical ecosystem is causing environmental degradation of water quality within close proximity to the Harriet A platform (~ 300 m).
to assess the fate, effects and potential risks associated with Produced Formation Water (PFW) at the Harriet A platform on the North West Shelf of Australia.
A separate metadata record covers a pilot study for PFW.

本研究针对澳大利亚西北大陆架Harriet A平台产出地层水（Produced Formation Water, PFW）相关的归宿、影响及潜在风险，开展了系统性生物与化学评估。本研究采用澳大利亚热带礁栖鱼类条纹石鲈（Lutjanus carponotatus）开展受控原位笼养实验：将实验鱼安置于3个站位的6个独立镀锌钢笼中，钢笼布设于水下1米处。3个站位分别为近场A站位（距平台约300米）、远场B站位（距平台约1000米）以及参照站位C。
分别于T=0、T=3和T=10天采集样本，用于检测乙氧基试卤灵O-脱乙基酶（EROD）活性、细胞色素P450、胆汁代谢物、CYP1A、CYP2K1样及CYP2M1样蛋白、卵黄蛋白原、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）、肝体指数（HSI），并对肝脏与鳃组织开展组织病理学评估。
此外，研究于全部3个站位部署了时间积分式水柱采样器（SPMDs），以原位评估石油烃浓度。
通过三因素嵌套方差分析（ANOVA）得到的结果显示，嵌套于站位的笼体无显著影响，且笼体与采样时间之间不存在交互效应，因此后续所有分析均剔除了笼体效应的干扰。
单因素方差分析（ANOVA）结果显示，在暴露于PFW 10天后，站位A的胆汁代谢物、CYP1A、CYP2M1样及CYP2K1样蛋白水平，以及肝脏与鳃组织的组织病理学特征均存在统计学显著性差异（p < 0.05），且该站位的多环芳烃（PAHs）水平相对更高。
主成分分析（PCA）结果显示，CYP类蛋白可解释所有生物标志物响应中的大部分变异，且这些相关性主要受站位（站位A）与采样时间（T=10天）的效应驱动。
本研究表明，排放至该浅海热带生态系统的PFW会在Harriet A平台附近（约300米范围内）造成水环境质量退化。
本研究旨在评估澳大利亚西北大陆架Harriet A平台产出地层水（PFW）相关的归宿、影响及潜在风险。
另有一条独立元数据记录涵盖了PFW的先导性研究。