Global distribution of ruminant livestock production systems V5 (5 minutes of arc)

Livestock may be raised primarily for subsistence or local sales, or may be raised to supply international markets with large quantities of produce. The scale, purpose and nature of livestock enterprises is known as the production system. Ruminant livestock – such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats –generally dependent directly on the environment in which they live for fodder and feed resources though some are raised or finished in feed lots. Their production systems therefore are largely determined by agro-ecology and land-use, but also influenced by capital investment, degree of specialisation and whether they are raised on grasslands, feedlots or as part of mixed crop-livestock farming systems.

Seré and Steinfeld (1996) developed a farm-level ruminant systems classification based on the origins of feed, stocking rates, amount of irrigation and length of growing period. Spatial variables were found to proxy these factors and used to cast these systems to a map for the developing world by Thornton et al. (2002). This original map has been continually developed, as described in Robinson et al. (2011), resulting in the current Version 5 of the Global Ruminant Production Systems (GRPS 5). This classification is widely used; finding applications in the fields of food and nutrition security; livelihoods and economic growth; human and animal health and welfare; and natural resources and environment.

畜禽养殖的主要目的可分为三类：自给自足、面向本地市场销售，或是为国际市场供应大批量畜牧产品。畜牧生产经营的规模、目标与属性，统称为生产系统。反刍家畜（ruminant livestock），例如牛、水牛、绵羊与山羊，通常直接依赖其生存环境获取饲草与饲料资源，但也有部分个体在集中育肥场中完成养殖或育肥环节。因此，反刍家畜的生产系统在很大程度上由农业生态条件与土地利用格局决定，同时也受资本投入水平、专业化程度，以及养殖场地类型（草地、集中育肥场）或是否属于农牧混合种养体系的影响。

塞雷（Seré）与斯坦因费尔德（Steinfeld）于1996年提出了一套基于饲料来源、载畜率、灌溉规模与生长季长度的农场级反刍家畜生产系统分类体系。2002年，桑顿（Thornton）等人通过空间变量表征上述分类因子，将该分类体系转化为面向发展中国家的空间分布地图。如罗宾逊（Robinson）等人2011年所述，该原始地图数据集历经持续迭代更新，最终形成当前的全球反刍家畜生产系统第5版（Global Ruminant Production Systems 5, GRPS 5）。该分类体系应用场景广泛，可用于粮食与营养安全、生计保障与经济增长、人类与动物健康福利，以及自然资源与环境保护等多个领域。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了全球反刍动物生产系统的空间分布信息，由多个国际组织合作开发，适用于农业科学研究和政策制定。数据集基于5弧分的空间分辨率，包含反刍动物如牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊的生产系统分类。