Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity at discrete depths, and water level in Beaverdam Reservoir, Virginia,

We monitored water level and water quality in Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA; 37.31288, -79.8159) with visual observations and high-frequency (10- to 15-minute resolution) sensors in 2009-2025. All variables were measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam. Beaverdam Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a secondary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data package is comprised of three datasets: 1) bvre-waterlevel_2009_2025.csv, 2) bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv, and 3) bvre-waterquality_2020_2025.csv. 1) bvre-waterlevel_2009_2025.csv contains water level observations of the staff gauge at a platform near the reservoir's dam by both the Western Virginia Water Authority and the Virginia Tech Reservoir Group LTREB field crew. This dataset spans 2009 to 2025, with data collection still ongoing. 2) bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv consists of a water temperature profile at ~1-meter intervals from the surface of the reservoir to 10.5 m below the water, complemented by intermittent data collected by a dissolved oxygen logger deployed at 5 m or 10 m. A sonde measuring water temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity was additionally deployed at ~1.5 m depth. This dataset spans 2016 to 2020, with no additional data collection beyond the last observation. The third dataset is bvre-waterquality_2020_2025.csv, with data collection still ongoing and an accompanying maintenance log. This dataset contains: a) a temperature string with 13 temperature sensors deployed ~1 m apart from the surface to 0.5 m above the sediments of the reservoir; b) two dissolved oxygen sensors, one in the middle of the string and one sensor above the sediments; and c) a pressure sensor just above the sediments. The same sonde from the first 2016-2020 dataset is also included in this 2020-2025 dataset, still deployed at ~1.5 m below the surface. The sensors on the temperature string (thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and pressure sensor) are permanently affixed to the platform and do not change with the water level. In the methods, we describe how to add a depth measurement to each observation. In 2025, the water level decreased by 4 meters as the Western Virginia Water Authority repaired the dam. Because of this construction, we had to move one of the dissolved oxygen sensors; more information can be found in the methods.

本研究于2009年至2025年间，通过人工目视观测与高频（分辨率为10~15分钟）传感器，对美国弗吉尼亚州文顿市比弗达姆水库（Beaverdam Reservoir，坐标37.31288, -79.8159）的水位与水质开展监测。所有监测变量均采集自水库毗邻大坝的最深测点。比弗达姆水库由弗吉尼亚西部水务局（Western Virginia Water Authority）所有并运营，作为弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克市的第二饮用水源。

本数据包包含3个数据集：1）bvre-waterlevel_2009_2025.csv；2）bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv；3）bvre-waterquality_2020_2025.csv。

1）bvre-waterlevel_2009_2025.csv包含弗吉尼亚西部水务局与弗吉尼亚理工大学水库团队LTREB野外工作组在水库大坝附近平台处采集的水位标尺观测数据。该数据集时间跨度为2009年至2025年，目前仍在持续更新。

2）bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv包含从水库水面至水下10.5米处、间隔约1米的水温剖面数据，辅以部署于5米或10米水深的溶解氧记录仪采集的间断式监测数据。此外，在约1.5米水深处部署了一台水质探头（sonde），可监测水温、电导率、比电导率、叶绿素a、藻蓝蛋白、总溶解固体、溶解氧、荧光溶解性有机物与浊度。该数据集时间跨度为2016年至2020年，末次观测后未再进行数据采集。

第三个数据集为bvre-waterquality_2020_2025.csv，目前数据采集仍在持续，并附带配套维护日志。该数据集包含以下内容：a）温度串列系统：共部署13个温度传感器，传感器间距约1米，覆盖范围从水库水面至水底沉积物上方0.5米处；b）两台溶解氧传感器：一台部署于温度串列的中部，另一台部署于沉积物上方；c）一台压力传感器，部署于沉积物正上方。本2020-2025数据集同样包含2016-2020年数据集所用的同款水质探头，其部署水深仍为约1.5米。

温度串列系统上的传感器（热敏电阻、溶解氧传感器与压力传感器）均永久固定于平台，不会随水位变化而移位。本研究的方法部分将详述如何为每条观测数据添加水深校正值。

2025年，因弗吉尼亚西部水务局开展大坝修复工程，水库水位下降了4米。受此次工程影响，我们不得不移动其中一台溶解氧传感器；详细信息可参见方法部分。