Metabolic syndrome in adolescents and its association with diet quality

ABSTRACT Objective Analyzing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with adolescent diet quality. Methods Cross-sectional research with 327 adolescents from public and private high schools of Teresina, Piauí. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, and food consumption data were analyzed to obtain the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. Moreover, data related to metabolic syndrome (blood glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were also analyzed. Continuous variables were described by means, standard deviations, and 95% confi dence intervals. To verify the association between dependent and explanatory variables, we calculated the adjusted odds ratio. The level of signifi cance was set at p<0.05. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.3%, with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration being the most frequent alteration (50.5%). The mean score on the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised was 55.4 points. The worst scores were obtained in whole cereals, dark-green and orange vegetables, oils, milk and dairy products, and whole fruits. In contrast, total cereals, meat, eggs, and legumes had scores close to the maximum stipulated. The lowest tertile of dark-green, orange, and leguminous vegetables showed risk for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the second tertile was protective against high blood glucose levels. As for the milk group, its lower intake increased the chances for high triglyceride and blood pressure levels. Conclusion Despite the low prevalence of metabolic syndrome, there were significant alterations in its components,associated with less consumption of important Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised items.

摘要
研究目的：分析代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome）的患病率及其与青少年饮食质量的关联。
研究方法：采用横断面研究设计，纳入皮奥伊州特雷西纳市公立及私立高中的327名青少年。收集社会经济、人体测量学及膳食摄入数据，以计算巴西健康饮食指数修订版（Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised）。此外，还收集了代谢综合征相关指标数据，包括血糖、血压、腰围、甘油三酯及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。连续型变量以均值、标准差及95%置信区间进行描述。为验证因变量与自变量间的关联，计算校正后的比值比，检验显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
研究结果：代谢综合征的患病率为3.3%，其中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低是最常见的异常指标（占比50.5%）。巴西健康饮食指数修订版的平均得分为55.4分，得分最低的食物类别为全谷物、深绿色与橙色蔬菜、油脂类、乳类及乳制品与完整水果。与之相反，精制谷物、肉类、蛋类及豆类的得分接近规定的最高限值。深绿色、橙色及豆类蔬菜摄入最低三分位组存在高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低的风险，而第二三分位组则对高血糖具有保护作用。就乳类食物组而言，较低的摄入量会增加高甘油三酯血症与高血压的发生风险。
研究结论：尽管代谢综合征的患病率较低，但其组分仍存在显著异常，且与巴西健康饮食指数修订版中重要食物类别的摄入不足相关。