Subsistence harvests and uses in Exxon Valdez oil spill area communities: 1998-1999, 2004

From the original 1998 abstract for the project:
The Restoration Plan identifies four services as lost or reduced by the oil spill -- subsistence, commercial fishing, recreation/tourism, and passive use. In preparation for the 10 Years After symposium, the recovery status of each of these services will be updated. Most of the work will take place in FY 99. However, providing startup costs for the subsistence component in FY 98 will allow a planning workshop to be held, the survey instrument to be finalized, and community approvals for the survey to be obtained this summer. This schedule will allow the survey itself to begin in October 1998. A final report will be prepared in February 1999; results will also be presented at the 10 Years After symposium in March 1999. [NOTE: This project was approved by the Trustee Council June 8, 1998. In the court request, these funds are shown as an addition to 98052A rather than as the separate project 98471].

From the Restoration Project Final Report produced in 2004:
The project updated information about subsistence harvests in 15 communities in order to evaluate the status of this injured natural resource service. In total, 544 households were interviewed. Subsistence harvests in 2003 averaged about 350 pounds per person and included a diverse range of species. Most households used, harvested, and shared wild foods. While overall community harvests approximated pre-spill estimates, about half the households reported lower total subsistence uses than before the spill and 39 percent blamed spill effects for continuing lower uses of at least one resource. Many respondents reported increased effort to harvest resources due to scarcities and competition. Confidence in eating clams is very low or eroding in eight study communities due to concerns about paralytic shellfish poisoning and spill effects. There were ambiguous findings regarding the role of elders and whether youth are learning subsistence skills. Respondents were often uncertain about the link between changes in their communities and the oil spill. Overall, 72 percent of respondents said that the traditional way of life has not recovered from the spill. The spill is an example of a technological disaster that is prolonged, difficult to interpret, and changes both the natural and social environments.

Notes from David Koster in June 2013:
While the raw data is protected as confidential under AS16.05.815, publicly available data on subsistence use can be found on the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Community Subsistence Information System (CSIS) at http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sb/CSIS/. Specific data requests from the EVOSTC-funded project can be placed with David Koster on a case-by-case basis. Data agreements would require that the data be reported only in aggregate format, the division have the opportunity to participate, and the data must be returned to the division upon completion of the specific research project covered under the agreement. Some aggregated data could also be gleaned from the final report.

### 1998年项目原始摘要
本项目1998年原始摘要显示：《恢复计划》将四项服务认定为受石油泄漏影响而丧失或缩减的服务——生计服务（subsistence）、商业捕捞服务、休闲/旅游业服务以及非消耗性使用服务（passive use）。为筹备“泄漏十年后”专题研讨会，我们将更新上述四项服务的恢复现状。本项目大部分工作将于1999财年开展。不过，若能在1998财年落实生计相关模块的启动经费，即可于今年夏季举办规划研讨会、敲定调研工具并获取社区对调研的许可，从而确保调研工作于1998年10月正式启动。项目最终报告将于1999年2月编制完成，研究结果也将在1999年3月的“泄漏十年后”专题研讨会上进行汇报。【注：本项目于1998年6月8日经托管委员会批准。在法院申请中，相关资金被列为98052A项目的追加经费，而非独立项目98471。】

### 2004年恢复项目最终报告
2004年发布的《恢复项目最终报告》显示：本项目对15个社区的生计捕捞信息进行了更新，以评估受损自然资源服务的现状。本次调研共访谈了544户家庭。2003年的生计捕捞量人均约350磅，涵盖物种种类丰富。绝大多数家庭会采集、使用并分享野生食物。尽管社区整体捕捞量接近泄漏前的预估水平，但约半数家庭表示其生计资源总取用总量较泄漏前有所下降，且39%的家庭将至少一种资源的持续低取用率归咎于石油泄漏的影响。不少受访者表示，由于资源稀缺与竞争加剧，他们为采集资源投入了更多精力。由于担忧麻痹性贝类中毒与石油泄漏的影响，8个调研社区的居民对食用蛤蜊的信心极低或持续下滑。关于长者在生计技能传承中的作用，以及青少年是否正在学习生计技能，调研结果存在模糊性。受访者往往难以确定社区变化与石油泄漏之间的关联。总体而言，72%的受访者表示，传统生活方式尚未从石油泄漏的影响中恢复。此次石油泄漏是一场持续时间长、影响难以评估、同时改变自然与社会环境的技术灾难的典型案例。

### 2013年6月David Koster的说明
原始数据依据AS16.05.815法案受保密保护，但有关生计资源取用的公开数据可通过阿拉斯加鱼类与野生动物部（Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ADFG）的社区生计信息系统（Community Subsistence Information System, CSIS）获取，网址为http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sb/CSIS/。针对本项目（由EVOSTC资助）的特定数据需求，可按个案原则向David Koster提出。数据使用协议需满足以下要求：数据仅能以汇总形式上报、相关部门有权参与研究、且在协议涵盖的特定研究项目完成后，需将数据归还该部门。部分汇总数据也可从本最终报告中获取。