Mapping green trademarks across Europe: A regionalized panel dataset of EUIPO trademark filings, 1996-2020

This dataset is based on trademark applications filed at the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) between 1996 and 2020. EUIPO began accepting and examining trademark applications in 1996, which marks the starting point of the dataset. It includes over 1.9 million registered trademarks filed by more than 735,000 applicants and information on applicant locations. We geocoded and regionalized all trademark filings based on the owner address. We also applied the methodology described in EUIPO (2021) to identify green trademarks as those that contain keywords related to green innovation in the goods and service descriptions of the trademarks (see all details in Abbasiharofteh, Castaldi, & Petralia, 2022) The panel dataset that we are sharing, named panel_trademarks_nuts3.csv, contains the count of green and total registered trademark filings in 1380 NUTS-3 regions (the 2013 version of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units) with the location of owners in 27 EU countries, EEA states (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway), Switzerland, and the UK. The provided dataset spans the years 1996-2020, with 34,500 rows representing a NUTS-3 region for a given year (1380 regions ˟ 25 years). It includes variables related to total trademark counts, green trademark counts and geographical identifiers. The dataset is provided in a comma-separated values (CSV) format, with UTF-8 encoding for all string-type variables. Table 1 provides detailed information on each variable. The dataset is structured for panel and spatial analysis and is suitable for research on regional innovation, economic geography, and sustainability transitions (see Castaldi, Abbasiharofteh, & S. G., 2025; Castaldi & Mendonça, 2022 for discussions of research opportunities). Since the data are provided at the NUTS-3 level, researchers can aggregate trademark counts to NUTS-2 or larger spatial scales.

本数据集基于1996年至2020年间提交至欧盟知识产权局（European Union Intellectual Property Office, EUIPO）的商标申请。欧盟知识产权局于1996年开始受理并审查商标申请，这也成为本数据集的时间起点。本数据集包含超过190万件由73.5万余名申请人提交的注册商标，以及申请人所在地信息。我们基于商标所有人的地址对所有商标申请进行了地理编码与区域划分。我们还采用欧盟知识产权局（2021）中提及的方法，识别出绿色商标：即那些在商品与服务描述中包含与绿色创新相关关键词的商标（详细说明可参见Abbasiharofteh、Castaldi与Petralia，2022年的研究）。本次共享的面板数据集命名为panel_trademarks_nuts3.csv，其涵盖了27个欧盟成员国、欧洲经济区（European Economic Area, EEA，含冰岛、列支敦士登与挪威）、瑞士以及英国境内，商标所有人所在地对应的1380个NUTS-3区域（2013版领土单位命名法）的绿色商标与总注册商标申请数量。该数据集的时间跨度为1996年至2020年，共包含34500条记录，对应每一年份的单个NUTS-3区域（1380个区域 × 25年）。数据集包含与总商标数量、绿色商标数量及地理标识符相关的变量。本数据集采用逗号分隔值（comma-separated values, CSV）格式存储，所有字符串类型变量均采用UTF-8编码。表1详细说明了各变量的具体信息。该数据集专为面板与空间分析设计，适用于区域创新、经济地理以及可持续转型相关研究（相关研究机遇讨论可参见Castaldi、Abbasiharofteh与S. G.，2025年；Castaldi与Mendonça，2022年的研究）。由于数据以NUTS-3层级提供，研究人员可将商标数量汇总至NUTS-2或更大的空间尺度。