Higher Education Students’ Evolving Perceptions of ChatGPT: Global Survey Data from the Academic Year 2024–2025

The introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 marked a significant milestone in the application of artificial intelligence in higher education. Due to its advanced natural language processing capabilities, ChatGPT quickly became popular among students worldwide. However, the increasing acceptance of ChatGPT among students has attracted significant attention, sparking both excitement and scepticism globally. Building on the early students' perceptions of ChatGPT after the first year of introduction, a comprehensive and large-scale global survey was repeated between October 2024 and February 2025. The questionnaire was distributed in seven different languages: English, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Japanese, Arabic, and Hebrew. It covered several aspects relevant to ChatGPT, including sociodemographic characteristics, usage, capabilities, regulation and ethical concerns, satisfaction and attitude, study issues and outcomes, skills development, labour market and skills mismatch, emotions, study and personal information, and general reflections. The survey targeted higher education students who are currently enrolled at any level in a higher education institution, are at least 18 years old, and have the legal capacity to provide free and voluntary consent to participate in an anonymous survey. Survey participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method, which involved promoting the survey in classrooms and through advertisements on university communication systems. The final dataset consists of 22,963 student responses from 120 different countries and territories. The data may prove useful for researchers studying students' perceptions of ChatGPT, including its implications across various aspects. Moreover, also higher education stakeholders may benefit from these data. While educators may benefit from the data in formulating curricula, including designing teaching methods and assessment tools, policymakers may consider the data when formulating strategies for higher education system development in the future.

2022年11月ChatGPT的推出，标志着人工智能在高等教育应用领域的重要里程碑。凭借其先进的自然语言处理（Natural Language Processing）能力，ChatGPT迅速在全球学生群体中广受追捧。然而，学生对ChatGPT认可度的持续提升引发了广泛关注，在全球范围内引发了既兴奋又质疑的双重舆论反响。在ChatGPT推出首年后早期学生认知的研究基础上，研究团队于2024年10月至2025年2月期间重复开展了一项大规模综合性全球调查。本次调查问卷共设置7种语言版本：英语、意大利语、西班牙语、土耳其语、日语、阿拉伯语及希伯来语。调查内容覆盖与ChatGPT相关的多个核心维度，包括社会人口学特征、使用情况、功能特性、监管与伦理考量、满意度与态度、学习问题与成果、技能培养、劳动力市场与技能错配、情绪状态、学习与个人信息，以及总体反思。本次调查的目标群体为当前在任意层次高等教育机构就读、年满18周岁且具备完全民事行为能力，能够自愿且无偿签署匿名参与调查知情同意书的高等教育学生。调查采用便利抽样法招募参与者，具体推广方式包括课堂宣讲以及通过大学内部通讯系统发布广告。最终数据集共包含来自120个不同国家和地区的22963份学生有效回复。该数据集可为研究学生对ChatGPT认知及其多维度影响的研究者提供数据支撑。此外，高等教育相关利益方亦可从本数据中获益：教育工作者可借助该数据制定课程方案，包括设计教学方法与评估工具；政策制定者则可在未来制定高等教育体系发展战略时参考该数据。