Supporting data for "Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Tibetan Hulless Barley under Osmotic Stress via Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry"

Tibetan hulless barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. var. nudum ) is one of the primary crops cultivated in the mountains of Tibet and encounters low temperature, high salinity, and drought. Specifically, drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect and limit Tibetan barley growth. Osmotic stress is often simultaneously accompanied by drought conditions. Thus, to improve crop yield, it is critical to explore the molecular mechanism governing the responses of hulless barley to osmotic/drought stress conditions.<br>In this study, we employed quantitative proteomics by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to investigate protein abundance changes in tolerant (XL) and sensitive (DQ) cultivars. A total of 6921 proteins were identified and quantified in all samples. Two distinct strategies based on pairwise and time-course comparisons were utilized in the comprehensive analysis of differentially abundant proteins. Further functional analysis of differentially abundant proteins revealed that some hormone metabolism-associated and ABA-induced genes are primarily affected by osmotic stress. Enhanced regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may promote the tolerance of hulless barley under osmotic stress. Moreover, we found that some regulators, such as GRF, PR10, MAPK and AMPK, were centrally positioned in the gene regulatory network, suggesting that they may have a dominant role in the osmotic stress response of Tibetan barley.<br>Our findings highlight a subset of proteins and processes that are involved in the alleviation of osmotic stress. In addition, this study provides a large-scale and multidimensional proteomic data resource for the further investigations and improvement of osmotic/drought stress tolerance in hulless barley or other plant species.