Phosphorus use efficiency by maize cultivars for the production of green ears

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of phosphorus by maize cultivars for the production of green ears. Two experiments were carried out, one in the rainy season (March to June) and the other in the dry period (August to December), both at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, in the community of Alagoinha, belonging to the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of three levels of phosphorus (low, medium and high) and eight corn cultivars (Dona Josélia, Carrapateira, Pontinha, Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status and AG 1051). A randomized block design was used in a 3 × 8 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The evaluated characteristics were: number and total mass of green ears, number and mass of tradable, stuffed and depleted green ears, agronomic and physiological efficiency of production of recovery and use of phosphorus. The cultivars showed better productive performance when fertilized with phosphorus. The cultivars Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status, AG 1051 and Carrapateira were the most efficient in the use of phosphorus to produce green maize.

摘要
本研究旨在评估不同玉米品种在青穗生产过程中对磷素的利用效率。本研究共开展两项试验，分别于雨季（3月至6月）与旱季（8月至12月）进行，试验地点均位于巴西北里奥格兰德州莫索罗市阿拉戈因哈（Alagoinha）社区的拉斐尔·费尔南德斯（Rafael Fernandes）实验农场，隶属于巴西半干旱地区联邦农村大学（Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido）。
试验处理设置为3个磷素水平（低、中、高）与8个玉米品种（Dona Josélia、Carrapateira、Pontinha、Cruzeta、Potiguar、BRS 2022、Status及AG 1051）的完全组合。试验采用3×8因子设计的随机区组设计，共设置4次重复。
本次评估的性状包括：青穗数量与总质量、可售卖青穗、饱满青穗与干瘪青穗的数量及质量，以及磷素吸收与利用的农艺效率和生理效率。
试验结果表明，施用磷肥可提升各供试玉米品种的生产性能。其中Cruzeta、Potiguar、BRS 2022、Status、AG 1051及Carrapateira这6个品种在青穗玉米生产中对磷素的利用效率最优。