Association between x-ray findings and foot pressure distribution among normal weight, overweight and obese individuals

Background:
Increasing body weight is the cause of increasing health issues among adults, with the increase in BMI foot plantar pressure increases and thus ultimately be the cause of increasing foot disorders and deformities hence, further altering the biomechanics of foot, ankle, and knee. The study thus is conducted to find the correlation among the foot plantar pressure and changes in foot angles with increasing BMI.
Objective:
The objective of the study is to find is there any correlation between the x-ray findings and foot pressure distribution in normal weight, overweight and obese individuals.
Methods:
Individuals were recruited according to Inclusion and exclusion criteria, written consent was taken from every participant, lateral foot weight bearing and non- weight bearing x-ray was taken for measuring the foot angles (Bohler’s angle, Gissane angle, Calcaneal Inclination angle, Lateral talocalcaneal angle) and for foot pressure distribution Harris mat was used for foot impression and impression was further measured with the help of PODIA Scanner.
Result:
In this study 42 subjects were included. Subjects were categorized under 3 groups, 14 subjects in each group accordingly with respective BMI (normal, overweight and obese). Normality of the data was assesses with the help of Shapiro- Wilk test. Correlation was measured by using Pearson Correlation Cofficient test between the variables which are normally distributed and Spearman Rank Correlation test between the variables not normally distributed.
Discussion:
X- ray findings appearing to be established diagnostic for foot traumatic injuries, But yet not followed establishment outcome measurements guidelines, X-ray findings on the basis of Angles including Bohler’s angle, Gissane angle, Calcaneal Inclination angle, Talocalcaneal angle, changes on normal weight, overweight, and obese
Conclusion:
This study concluded that there was no correlation between foot X- ray findings (foot angles) and foot plantar pressure among individuals with normal weight, over weight and obesity.
Clinical implication:
Prevention from altering lower limb biomechanics including gait or any foor deformity or disorder with increasing BMI (Body Mass Index).
Keywords:Humans, Obesity, Radiography, X-rays

研究背景：成人身体质量指数（BMI, Body Mass Index）升高会引发各类健康问题，伴随BMI上升，足底压力（foot plantar pressure）会随之升高，最终可导致足部疾病与畸形的发生率增加，进而改变足、踝及膝关节的生物力学特征。本研究旨在探究随BMI升高时，足底压力与足部角度变化之间的相关性。
研究目的：本研究旨在探究正常体重、超重及肥胖人群中，X射线（X-rays）影像表现与足部压力分布之间是否存在相关性。
研究方法：本研究按照纳入与排除标准招募受试者，所有参与者均签署书面知情同意书。采集负重位与非负重位足部侧位X射线影像，以测量足部角度参数（伯勒角（Bohler’s angle）、吉萨恩角（Gissane angle）、跟骨倾斜角（Calcaneal Inclination angle）、跟距外侧角（Lateral talocalcaneal angle））；足部压力分布检测采用哈里斯垫（Harris mat）获取足部压印，并通过PODIA扫描仪（PODIA Scanner）对压印进行进一步分析测量。
研究结果：本研究共纳入42名受试者，根据BMI分为3组，每组各14人，分别对应正常体重、超重及肥胖组别。采用夏皮罗-威尔克检验（Shapiro-Wilk test）评估数据正态性。对于符合正态分布的变量，采用皮尔逊相关系数检验（Pearson Correlation Coefficient test）分析相关性；对于不符合正态分布的变量，则采用斯皮尔曼等级相关检验（Spearman Rank Correlation test）进行分析。
讨论：X射线影像目前已被确立为足部创伤性损伤的诊断手段，但尚未形成统一的结局测量指南。本研究针对正常体重、超重及肥胖人群的足部角度参数（包括伯勒角、吉萨恩角、跟骨倾斜角、跟距角）的变化与X射线影像表现的关联进行了分析。
研究结论：本研究证实，在正常体重、超重及肥胖人群中，足部X射线影像表现（足部角度参数）与足底压力之间不存在相关性。
临床意义：针对随身体质量指数升高引发的下肢生物力学改变（包括步态异常）以及各类足部畸形与疾病，需采取相应预防措施。
关键词：人类、肥胖症、放射摄影术、X射线