A new era of imaging spectroscopy for Earth, moon and Mars

Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectroscopy elevates remote observation from detecting relative differences in surface content to delivering laboratory-quality measurements. From its origins as a technology demonstration in the 1980s \cite{Goetz2009}, sustained development of sensors, calibration, and processing has matured VSWIR spectroscopy into a primary tool for Earth and planetary science. To fully realize this potential, NASA is developing a wide-swath VSWIR imaging spectrometer to provide the first global spectroscopic maps of land and coastal areas with a 16 day repeat frequency. Continued support of this technology will enable important societal applications, advance Earth science disciplines, and benefit exploration objectives for the Moon and Mars. Here we outline the new discoveries that are possible in an era of global imaging spectroscopy. We first discuss emerging societal applications on Earth, from food security to wildfire management, and the relative advantages of wide-swath and constellation observing systems. Next, we describe recent developments in hardware and algorithms that facilitate fast adoption of spectroscopic products. Finally, we show how advances in imaging spectroscopy support future Moon and Mars exploration.