A Multi-City Spatiotemporal Dataset of Ambient Air Quality Parameters and Urban Tree Census Metrics in Maharashtra, India (Jan 2024 – May 2025)

Description / Abstract This open-access dataset provides a comprehensive, co-located repository linking ambient air quality concentrations with structural urban forestry attributes across three distinct tier-structured cities in Maharashtra, India (Mumbai, Nagpur, and Nashik) over a continuous 16-month timeline (January 1, 2024, to May 15, 2025). The dataset is designed to facilitate advanced environmental informatics, urban microclimate analysis, and the development of machine learning frameworks (such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Regression) to evaluate the spatial mitigation potential of urban vegetation canopy on localized air pollution. The repository is organized into two primary, interconnected subsets: Time-Series Air Quality Attributes: Daily averaged concentrations of core criteria air pollutants including Carbon Monoxide ($CO$), Sulfur Dioxide ($SO_2$), Ozone ($O_3$), Nitrogen Dioxide ($NO_2$), and Formaldehyde ($HCHO$). The atmospheric data incorporates localized ground-monitoring metrics integrated with earth observation spatial products from the Visualization of Earth observation Data and Archival System (VEDAS) platform, developed by the Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO. Structural Tree Census Attributes: Spatial and structural data detailing local urban forestry metrics, including precise geospatial coordinates, species classification, canopy density indicators, and girth at breast height (GBH) measurements. Temporal & Spatial Coverage Temporal Range: January 01, 2024 – May 15, 2025 (Daily resolution) Geographic Scope: Mumbai (Coastal Megacity), Nagpur (Central Inland Hub), and Nashik (Semi-Arid/Sub-Tropical Zone), Maharashtra, India. Data Structure and File Inventory The dataset is delivered in clean, non-proprietary tabular formats (.csv) optimized for rapid pipeline ingestion using Python (pandas) or R: air_quality_timeseries.csv: Contains daily pollutant parameters structured by date, city code, and localized coordinates. tree_census_spatial.csv: Contains static structural and species-level metrics for counted urban trees across the study zones. README.md: A comprehensive data dictionary defining all variable headers, column types, and measurement units (e.g., $mg/m^3$, $\mu g/m^3$, or $ppm$). Usage & Attribution Method This dataset is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license. Users are permitted to share, copy, adapt, and build upon the data for any purpose, including commercial applications and machine learning training, provided appropriate academic credit is given via formal citation of this repository's assigned Digital Object Identifier (DOI).