SOMLIT-SOLA time series (French Research Infrastructure ILICO): long-term core parameter monitoring in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer

medium and long-term observation of the evolution of the marine environment through the acquisition and study of "long-term series" is clearly recognized as a necessity for understanding how ecosystems react to both natural and anthropogenic environmental constraints. this is obviously the case for coastal areas (lagoons, bays, estuaries, etc.), which are particularly vulnerable due to the increasing pressure of human activities in these areas which are, moreover, the subject of numerous conflicts of use.the “service d'observation en milieu littoral” (somlit) was created in 1995, then accredited in 1996 by the national cnrs institute insu (ocean-atmosphere domain), giving it the status of “service national d’observation” (sno). the first databases appeared in january 1997. since that date, somlit has continued to develop in order to meet scientific requirements and the need for re-labelling every 4 years.today in 2024, somlit monitors 12 different ecosystems on a weekly basis (for most of them) on the 3 facades of mainland france. this represents 20 monitoring points on which vertical profiles are carried out using multiparametric probes and are measured on the surface and at the bottom, 16 basic parameters, all representing 400 time series on a national scale.the sola station (buoy) is one of the pioneers of this network. it constitutes the historic observation station of the banyuls sur mer observatory and is managed today by the boss (banyuls observation sea service). the buoy is located in banyuls bay at a distance of 0.5 nautical miles offshore from the marine station. it serves as a sampling site for low-frequency monitoring of somlit and phytobs networks and is equipped with an airmar 200wx meteorological station and a ysi exo3 multiparameter ctd probe placed 1.5m below the surface. the data averaged over 1 min (sr=1s) are sent to a server on land and integrated into a local database, allowing it to be distributed to national and international databases.

对海洋环境演化的中长期观察，通过获取和研究‘长期系列’数据，已被明确认可为理解生态系统如何响应自然和人为环境限制的必要手段。这对于沿海地区（如湖泊、海湾、河口等）尤为如此，这些地区由于人类活动压力的日益增加而尤其脆弱，而且这些地区还是众多使用冲突的焦点。‘服务 d'observation en milieu littoral’（SOMLIT）于1995年成立，并于1996年由国家 CNRS 研究所 INSU（海洋-大气领域）认证，赋予了其‘服务 national d’observation’（SNO）的地位。首个数据库于1997年1月出现。自那时起，SOMLIT 一直致力于发展以满足科学需求以及每4年进行重新标记的需求。截至2024年，SOMLIT 对法国大陆三面12个不同的生态系统进行每周监测（其中大多数为每周监测）。这代表着20个监测点，在这些点上使用多参数探测器进行垂直剖面测量，并在水面和底部测量16个基本参数，所有这些参数构成了全国范围内的400个时间序列。SOLA 站（浮标）是这一网络的先驱之一。它构成了巴涅尔斯-德-默海角天文台的观测历史站，并由BOSS（巴涅尔斯-德-默海观察服务）管理。浮标位于巴涅尔斯-德-默海角湾外0.5海里处，距离海洋站。它作为SOMLIT和PHYTOBS网络低频监测的采样点，并装备有AirMar 200wx气象站和置于水面下方1.5米的YSI EXO3多参数CTD探测器。每分钟平均数据（sr=1s）被发送到陆地上的服务器，并集成到本地数据库中，从而允许其分发至国家和国际数据库。