Input data and modelling files for Backbone to analyse the impacts of environmental flow constraints on cascade hydropower in the Finnish energy system

The uploaded files show the input data and modelling files used for the publication “The impact of environmental flow constraints and energy storage on system performance and revenues in cascade hydropower“ (Kiehle et al., 2025). The paper is available via Springer: doi.org/10.1007/s40974-025-00385-5. A model of the Finnish energy system in 2022 and 2023 was built with the techno-economic modelling framework Backbone (available on GitLab: https://gitlab.vtt.fi/backbone/backbone). The study analyses the impacts of environmental flow constraints on cascade hydropower from an energy system perspective. The files include the input data for 50 scenarios: 2 years, 5 energy storage settings and 5 flow constraints. The Excel files are used to run the GAMS-based model. The results are discussed in the scientific publication.