SCICEX Hydrographic Data, 1997 and 1998, Version 1.0

The Scientific Ice Expeditions (SCICEX) Program was a series of five multidisciplinary scientific cruises that utilized US Navy operational submarines as platforms for sampling the Arctic Ocean. The program's numerous principal investigators worked towards the overarching goal of characterizing the upper layers of the Arctic Ocean as completely as possible. This data set includes hydrographic data obtained during the 1997 and 1998 (third and fourth) SCICEX cruises, aboard the USS Archerfish and the USS Hawkbill, respectively. Water column profile data were collected using a submarine-launched conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) probe. Probe depths were computed based on a known fall rate, temperature (T) and conductivity values were measured by probe sensors, and salinity was computed from these values. Derived variables, including pressure (calculated from depth and latitude), potential temperature, sigma-t (a representation of density), and sigma-theta (sigma-t calculated with potential temperature), are also included. Profile data were generally collected to a depth of 1000 m at 1-m depth intervals, with variable horizontal distance between the profiles. Data were collected between September 3 and October 2, 1997, and between August 1 and September 2, 1998, along extensive transects within the Arctic Ocean.科学冰区考察计划（Scientific Ice Expeditions，SCICEX）是一项包含5个多学科科学考察航次的项目，该项目以美国海军现役潜艇作为北冰洋采样作业平台。本项目的多位首席研究员以全面刻画北冰洋上层水体特征为核心研究目标。本数据集涵盖1997年与1998年（第三次、第四次）SCICEX考察航次期间采集的水文数据，两次航次分别搭载于美国海军‘Archerfish号’与‘Hawkbill号’潜艇。研究人员采用潜艇发射式电导率、温度与深度（Conductivity, Temperature, Depth，CTD）探头采集水柱剖面数据：探头深度通过已知的沉降速率计算得到，探头传感器可采集温度（T）与电导率数据，盐度则由上述两类观测数据计算得到。数据集同步收录衍生变量，包括压力（由深度与纬度计算得到）、位温、西格玛-t（密度表征参数）以及西格玛-theta（采用位温计算得到的西格玛-t）。剖面数据通常以1米的深度间隔采集至1000米水深，各剖面间的水平距离存在差异。数据采集时段分别为1997年9月3日至10月2日，以及1998年8月1日至9月2日，覆盖北冰洋范围内的多条大跨度考察断面。