Dataset for "Performance‐dependent reward hurts performance: The non‐monotonic attentional load modulation on task‐irrelevant distractor processing"

This dataset comprises of the data presented in the publication "Performance\u2010dependent reward hurts performance: The non\u2010monotonic attentional load modulation on task\u2010irrelevant distractor processing" (He et al., 2021) and the codes for data analyses.Participants were required to perform an attentive multiple object tracking (MOT) task that lasted for 15 s in each trial. We manipulated the levels of attentional load by changing the number of target(s) to track, i.e. 1, 3, or 5 target balls out of 10 balls in total. At the beginning of each trial, target balls among all the balls turned red for 2 s to manifest themselves. After tracking finished, the same amount as the target balls turned red as probes. Either they were exactly the target balls, or one of them was not among the targets. Participants had to determine whether the probes were identical to the target balls or not (2AFC). During tracking, task-irrelevant auditory Oddball distractors (50-ms pure tones played every 600 ms) were presented, with 1000-Hz tones as the standard (80% probability) and 1500-Hz tones as the deviant (20% probability) stimuli.The whole experiment consisted of 8 blocks × 12 trials. Participants performed the task under 2 levels (low/high) of monetary reward which was given for right choices. Reward levels were counterbalanced across blocks while attentional load levels were randomized across trials in each block but with equal numbers of trials for each level. Participants were shown the reward level (low or high) at the beginning of each block, and there was feedback after choice made in each trial, including right or wrong (for a right choice its reward would be shown) and the aggregate reward gained in the current block so far. At both reward levels the amount increased as the attentional load, but the amount at the higher level was always larger than at the lower level regardless of the attentional load.Throughout the tracking period, participants' EEG signals and pupil dilation data were recorded. EEG signals were then segmented into 600-ms ERP epochs relative to the onset of each tone (-100 ms to +500 ms). We analyzed the MMN and P3a components of the difference wave elicited between standard and deviant tones to investigate the role of reward in the effect of attentional load on task-irrelevant auditory distractor processing.For details of the dataset, please see readme.txt in the root directory after unzipping. For details of the study, please refer to:He, X., Liu, W., Qin, N., Lyu, L., Dong, X., & Bao, M. (2021). Performance\u2010dependent reward hurts performance: The non\u2010monotonic attentional load modulation on task\u2010irrelevant distractor processing. Psychophysiology, 58(12), e13920. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13920.

本数据集包含发表于论文《依赖于任务表现的奖励会损害绩效：注意负载对任务无关干扰刺激加工的非单调调节作用》（He等，2021）中的实验数据，以及配套的数据分析代码。
被试需完成每一试次时长为15秒的多目标追踪（Multiple Object Tracking, MOT）任务。我们通过调整需追踪的目标数量来操控注意负载水平：总共有10个小球，需追踪的目标球数量分别为1、3或5个。
每一试次开始时，所有小球中的目标球会变红2秒以明确标识。追踪阶段结束后，会有与目标球数量相同的小球变红作为探测刺激，这些探测刺激要么与目标球完全一致，要么其中一个不属于目标集合。被试需判断探测刺激是否与目标球完全匹配（二择一迫选任务，2AFC）。
追踪过程中，会呈现任务无关的听觉Oddball干扰刺激：每600毫秒播放一段50毫秒的纯音，其中1000Hz纯音为标准刺激（出现概率80%），1500Hz纯音为偏差刺激（出现概率20%）。
整个实验包含8个区组，每个区组包含12个试次。被试会在两种金钱奖励水平（低/高）下完成任务，仅当选择正确时才可获得对应奖励。奖励水平在区组间进行平衡，而每个区组内的注意负载水平在试次间随机分配，且各负载水平的试次数量均等。每个区组开始时会向被试展示当前的奖励等级（低或高）；每一试次做出选择后会提供反馈，包括判断是否正确（正确选择时会展示对应奖励金额），以及当前区组迄今累计获得的总奖励。
两种奖励水平下，奖励金额均随注意负载水平提升而增加，但无论注意负载处于何种水平，高奖励组的金额始终高于低奖励组。
在整个追踪阶段，同步记录被试的脑电图（Electroencephalogram, EEG）信号与瞳孔扩张数据。随后将EEG信号以每个纯音的呈现时刻为基准，划分为600毫秒的事件相关电位（Event-Related Potential, ERP）时程（-100ms至+500ms）。通过分析标准刺激与偏差刺激间差异波引出的失匹配负波（MMN）与P3a成分，探究奖励在注意负载对任务无关听觉干扰刺激加工的影响中所发挥的作用。
如需了解数据集详情，请解压后查看根目录下的readme.txt文件；如需了解本研究详情，请参阅：He, X., Liu, W., Qin, N., Lyu, L., Dong, X., & Bao, M. (2021). Performance-dependent reward hurts performance: The non-monotonic attentional load modulation on task-irrelevant distractor processing. Psychophysiology, 58(12), e13920. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13920.