Biochar-modulated microbial communities improve phosphorus cycling and rice P uptake in low-P paddy soil

A microcosm experiment was located in the field of Shenyang Agriculture University, Liaoning Province, China (41°48′N, 123°33′E) and was conduct during wet cropping season (April 21st to October 1st) of 2021. The mean annual temperature and precipitation had shown in Fig. S1. Rice husk biochar (BC), low phosphorus content biochar (LP) and high available phosphorus content biochar (HP) were used to explore the composition, structure and different P fraction in biochar. The soil used in this experiment was collected from surface layer of south paddy field (0-20 cm) at Shenyang Agriculture University. This field continuously planted rice for more than 50 years.

本微宇宙试验设于中国辽宁省沈阳农业大学校内试验田（北纬41°48′，东经123°33′），于2021年湿季作物生长期（4月21日至10月1日）开展。年均气温与降水量详见补充图S1（Fig. S1）。本试验选用稻壳生物炭（biochar，BC）、低磷含量生物炭（LP）与高有效磷含量生物炭（HP），以探究生物炭的组成、结构及不同磷组分特征。试验所用土壤采自沈阳农业大学南部稻田0~20 cm表层土层，该田块已连续种植水稻逾50年。