PUSH*BACK*LASH European Gender Attitudes Harmonized Database (1981 – 2022)

The PUSHBACKLASH European Gender Attitudes Harmonized Database (1981–2022) integrates data from four major European cross-national survey programmes: the European Values Study (EVS), the European Social Survey (ESS), the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the Eurobarometer (EB). Covering more than four decades of public opinion data, the dataset provides harmonised indicators of gender-role attitudes, equality beliefs, democratic satisfaction, political engagement, and key sociodemographic variables across European societies. The harmonisation process standardised coding, scale direction, and missing-value structures across 87 variables, offering both 4-point and 5-point versions of the main gender-attitude items. All source data derive from publicly available, probability-based surveys archived at GESIS and the official EVS and ESS data portals. The PUSHBACKLASH European Gender Attitudes Harmonized Database (1981–2022) integrates data from four major European cross-national survey programmes: the European Values Study (EVS), the European Social Survey (ESS), the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the Eurobarometer (EB). Covering more than four decades of public opinion data, the dataset provides harmonised indicators of gender-role attitudes, equality beliefs, democratic satisfaction, political engagement, and key sociodemographic variables across European societies. The harmonisation process standardised coding, scale direction, and missing-value structures across 87 variables, offering both 4-point and 5-point versions of the main gender-attitude items. All source data derive from publicly available, probability-based surveys archived at GESIS and the official EVS and ESS data portals.