The Psychometric Properties of Malay Language Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Prevalence of Adult ADHD and its associated factors among inmates at Seremban Prison.

Objective This study was performed to determine the psychometric properties of Malay language ASRS and to investigate the prevalence of adults with ADHD and its associated factors among inmates. Methods This is a cross-sectional study which investigated 200 inmates using ASRS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21-items (DASS-21), Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults version 2.0 (DIVA 2.0), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results The Malay language ASRS has good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.925 for total 18-items). The Cronbach’s α for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale is 0.876 and 0.863 respectively. The ASRS and DIVA yielded significant association. The test-retest reliability yielded Cronbach’s α 0.847. The exploratory factor analysis showed that 1-factor solution as the best fit. The prevalence of adult ADHD is 8% which is low as compared to previous study. This study found association between adult ADHD and antisocial personality disorder and major depressive disorder. There is high prevalence of substance use disorder (87.5%) and antisocial personality disorder (81.30%) among adults with ADHD. Conclusion The Malay language ASRS has good psychometric properties but further study on its psychometric properties in general population is needed. Further studies on the prevalence of Adult ADHD at different prison and general population are invaluable for comparison.

研究目的：本研究旨在评估马来语版成人ADHD自我报告量表（Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale，ASRS）的心理测量学特性，并调查服刑成年人群中注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder，ADHD）的患病率及其相关影响因素。
方法：本研究为横断面研究，采用成人ADHD自我报告量表（ASRS）、21项抑郁焦虑压力量表（Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21，DASS-21）、成人ADHD诊断访谈量表2.0版（Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults version 2.0，DIVA 2.0）以及迷你国际神经精神访谈（Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview，MINI）对200名服刑人员进行测评。
结果：马来语版ASRS具备良好的内部一致性（18个条目总量表的克朗巴赫α系数为0.925）；注意缺陷维度与多动/冲动维度的克朗巴赫α系数分别为0.876和0.863。ASRS与DIVA 2.0存在显著相关性。重测信度的克朗巴赫α系数为0.847。探索性因素分析显示单因子解为最优拟合模型。本研究中成年ADHD患病率为8%，低于既往相关研究结果。本研究发现成年ADHD与反社会人格障碍及重性抑郁障碍存在关联。在ADHD成年服刑人员中，物质使用障碍患病率高达87.5%，反社会人格障碍患病率为81.30%。
结论：马来语版ASRS具备良好的心理测量学特性，但仍需在普通人群中进一步开展其心理测量学特性的相关研究。针对不同监狱人群及普通人群的成年ADHD患病率开展后续研究，可为跨群体对比分析提供宝贵数据。