General Household Survey 2015 - South Africa

Abstract
---------------------------

The GHS is an annual household survey which measures the living circumstances of South African households. The GHS collects data on education, health, and social development, housing, access to services and facilities, food security, and agriculture.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

The General Household Survey 2015 had national coverage.

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Households and individuals

Universe
---------------------------

The survey covers all de jure household members (usual residents) of households in the nine provinces of South Africa, and residents in workers' hostels. The survey does not cover collective living quarters such as student hostels, old age homes, hospitals, prisons, and military barracks.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

From 2015 the General Household Survey (GHS) uses a Master Sample (MS) frame developed in 2013 as a general-purpose sampling frame to be used for all Stats SA household-based surveys. This MS has design requirements that are reasonably compatible with the GHS.

The 2013 Master Sample is based on information collected during the 2011 Census conducted by Stats SA. In preparation for Census 2011, the country was divided into 103 576 enumeration areas (EAs). The census EAs, together with the auxiliary information for the EAs, were used as the frame units or building blocks for the formation of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the Master Sample, since they covered the entire country, and had other information that is crucial for stratification and creation of PSUs. There are 3 324 primary sampling units (PSUs) in the Master Sample, with an expected sample of approximately 33 000 dwelling units (DUs). The number of PSUs in the current Master Sample (3 324) reflect an 8,0% increase in the size of the Master Sample compared to the previous (2008) Master Sample (which had 3 080 PSUs). The larger Master Sample of PSUs was selected to improve the precision (smaller coefficients of variation, known as CVs) of the GHS estimates. The Master Sample is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geographical type. The three geography types are Urban, Tribal and Farms. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area, the sample is representative of the different geography types that may exist within that metro.

The sample for the GHS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage.After allocating the sample to the provinces, the sample was further stratified by geography (primary stratification), and by population attributes using Census 2011 data (secondary stratification).

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Data appraisal
---------------------------

VARIABLE ON LAND SIZE IN GHS 2009-2015
The variable on land size in the General Household Survey questionnaire for 2009-2015 should be used with caution. The data comes from questions on the households' agricultural activities in Section 8 of the GHS questionnaire: Household Livelihoods: Agricultural Activities. Question 8.8b asks:
“Approximately how big is the land that the household use for production? Estimate total area if more than one piece.”
Responses are:

1 = Less than 500m2 (approximately one soccer field)
2 = 500m2 to 9 999m2 (between one soccer field and one hectare)
3 = 1 but less than 2 hectares
4 = 2 but less than 5 hectares
5 = 5 but less than 10 hectares
6 = 10 but less than 20 hectares
7 = 20 or more hectares
8 = Do not know

However, a soccer field is 5000 m2, not 500, therefore response category 1 is incorrect. The correct category option should be 5000 sqm. This response option is correct for GHS 2002-2008 and was flagged and corrected by Statistics SA in the GHS 2016.

{'Abstract': '摘要
---------------------------
本调查系一项年度家庭调查，旨在衡量南非家庭的居住状况。该调查收集了关于教育、健康和社会发展、住房、服务与设施的可获得性、粮食安全以及农业等方面的数据。', 'Geographic coverage': '地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
2015年的通用家庭调查覆盖了全国范围。', 'Analysis unit': '分析单位
---------------------------
家庭和个人', 'Universe': '调查范围
---------------------------
本调查涵盖南非九个省份中所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），以及工人宿舍的居民。调查不涵盖集体居住场所，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。', 'Kind of data': '数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]', 'Sampling procedure': '抽样程序
---------------------------
自2015年起，通用家庭调查（GHS）采用2013年开发的母本样本（MS）框架作为通用抽样框架，用于所有南非统计局基于家庭的调查。该母本样本的设计要求与GHS相合理兼容。

2013年的母本样本基于Stats SA在2011年进行的普查期间收集的信息。为了准备2011年的普查，国家被划分为103,576个普查区域（EAs）。普查区域及其辅助信息被用作母本样本一级抽样单位（PSUs）形成的基础单元，因为它们覆盖了整个国家，并具有对分层和PSU创建至关重要的其他信息。母本样本中有3,324个一级抽样单位（PSUs），预计样本量约为33,000个居住单位（DUs）。当前母本样本中的PSU数量（3,324）与上一份（2008年）母本样本（有3,080个PSU）相比，增加了8.0%。更大的母本样本PSU数量被选取以提高GHS估计的精确度（较小的变异系数，称为CV）。母本样本旨在在省级层面以及省内城市/非城市层面具有代表性。在城市内部，样本根据地理类型进一步分配。三种地理类型是城市、部落和农场。这意味着，例如，在一个城市区域内，样本代表了该城市可能存在的不同地理类型。

GHS的样本基于分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用与规模成比例的概率（PPS）抽样PSU，第二阶段采用系统抽样抽样居住单位（DUs）。在将样本分配到省份后，根据地理（主要分层）和人口属性（使用2011年普查数据）进行进一步分层。', 'Mode of data collection': '数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]', 'Data appraisal': '数据评估
---------------------------
GHS 2009-2015 年土地面积变量
在2009-2015年通用家庭调查问卷中的土地面积变量应谨慎使用。数据来自GHS问卷第8节：家庭生计：农业活动的相关问题：
问题8.8b询问：
“家庭用于生产的土地大约有多大？如果有多块土地，请估算总面积。”
回答选项如下：
1 = 不足500平方米（约一个足球场的大小）
2 = 500平方米至9,999平方米（介于一个足球场和一个公顷之间）
3 = 1公顷但不足2公顷
4 = 2公顷但不足5公顷
5 = 5公顷但不足10公顷
6 = 10公顷但不足20公顷
7 = 20公顷或以上
8 = 不确定

然而，一个足球场是5,000平方米，而不是500平方米，因此回答选项1是不正确的。正确的选项应该是5000平方米。此回答选项在GHS 2002-2008年是正确的，并由南非统计局在GHS 2016年标记并更正。'}