黑河生态水文遥感试验：水文气象观测网数据集（花寨子荒漠站涡动相关仪-2016）

该数据集包含了2016年1月1日至2016年12月31日的黑河水文气象观测网中游花寨子荒漠站的涡动相关仪观测数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市，下垫面是荒漠。观测点的经纬度是100.3201E, 38.7659N，海拔1731.00m。涡动相关仪的架高4.5m，采样频率是10Hz，超声朝向是正北向，超声风速温度仪（CSAT3）与CO2/H2O分析仪（Li7500A）之间的距离是15cm。
涡动相关仪的原始观测数据为10Hz，发布的数据是采用Eddypro软件处理的30分钟数据，其处理的主要步骤包括：野点值剔除，延迟时间校正，坐标旋转（二次坐标旋转），频率响应修正，超声虚温修正和密度（WPL）修正等。同时对各通量值进行质量评价，主要是大气平稳性（Δst）和湍流相似性特征（ITC）的检验。对Eddypro软件输出的30min通量值也进行了筛选：（1）剔除仪器出错时的数据；（2）剔除降水前后1h的数据；（3）剔除10Hz原始数据中每30min内缺失率大于10%的数据；（4）剔除夜间弱湍流的观测数据（u*小于0.1m/s）。观测数据的平均周期为30分钟，一天48个数据，缺失数据标记为-6999。因仪器漂移等原因引起的可疑数据用红色字体标识。4月24日至4月25日由于涡动相关仪Li7500A进行标定，数据缺失。涡动相关仪10Hz数据缺失时，数据由采集器采集的数据进行填补。
发布的观测数据包括：日期/时间Date/Time，风向Wdir（°），水平风速Wnd（m/s），侧向风速标准差Std_Uy（m/s），超声虚温Tv（℃），水汽密度H2O（g/m3），二氧化碳浓度CO2（mg/m3），摩擦速度Ustar（m/s），奥布霍夫长度L（m），感热通量Hs（W/m2），潜热通量LE（W/m2），二氧化碳通量Fc（mg/(m2s)），感热通量的质量标识QA_Hs，潜热通量的质量标识QA_LE，二氧化碳通量的质量标识QA_Fc。感热、潜热、二氧化碳通量的质量标识分为三级（质量标识0:（Δst <30, ITC<30）; 1: （Δst <100, ITC<100）; 其余为2）。数据时间的含义，如0:30代表0:00-0:30的平均；数据以*.xls格式存储。
水文气象网或站点信息请参考Li et al. (2013)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains eddy covariance system observations collected from the Huazhaizi Desert Station in the middle reaches of the Heihe Hydrometeorological Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The station is located in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with a desert underlying surface. The observation site has coordinates of 100.3201°E, 38.7659°N, and an altitude of 1731.00 m. The eddy covariance system has a mounting height of 4.5 m, a sampling frequency of 10 Hz, and the ultrasonic sensor faces true north. The distance between the ultrasonic anemometer/thermometer (CSAT3) and the CO2/H2O analyzer (Li7500A) is 15 cm.

The raw observational data from the eddy covariance system is at 10 Hz, while the released data are 30-minute averaged data processed using the EddyPro software. The main processing steps include: outlier removal, time lag correction, coordinate rotation (double coordinate rotation), frequency response correction, ultrasonic virtual temperature correction, and density (WPL) correction, among others. Meanwhile, quality assessment was conducted for each flux value, primarily including tests for atmospheric stability (Δst) and turbulence similarity criterion (ITC). Additional screening was performed on the 30-minute flux values output by EddyPro: (1) Remove data collected during instrument malfunctions; (2) Remove data within 1 hour before and after precipitation events; (3) Remove data with a missing rate greater than 10% per 30-minute window in the original 10 Hz dataset; (4) Remove observations with weak nighttime turbulence (u* < 0.1 m/s). The average period of the observational data is 30 minutes, resulting in 48 data points per day. Missing data are marked as -6999. Suspicious data caused by instrument drift or other issues are marked in red font. Data from April 24 to April 25 are missing because the Li7500A CO2/H2O analyzer of the eddy covariance system was calibrated. When the 10 Hz eddy covariance data are missing, they are filled using data collected by the data logger.

The released observational data include: Date/Time, wind direction Wdir (°), horizontal wind speed Wnd (m/s), lateral wind speed standard deviation Std_Uy (m/s), ultrasonic virtual temperature Tv (℃), water vapor density H2O (g/m3), carbon dioxide concentration CO2 (mg/m3), friction velocity Ustar (m/s), Obukhov length L (m), sensible heat flux Hs (W/m2), latent heat flux LE (W/m2), carbon dioxide flux Fc (mg/(m2s)), quality flag of sensible heat flux QA_Hs, quality flag of latent heat flux QA_LE, and quality flag of carbon dioxide flux QA_Fc. The quality flags for sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes are divided into three levels: Flag 0: (Δst < 30, ITC < 30); Flag 1: (Δst < 100, ITC < 100); all others are Flag 2. The meaning of the data timestamp is as follows: 0:30 represents the average over the period 0:00-0:30. All data are stored in *.xls format.

For information on the hydrometeorological network and the station, please refer to Li et al. (2013); for observational data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2016年黑河生态水文遥感试验中花寨子荒漠站的涡动相关仪观测数据，覆盖全年时间，站点位于甘肃张掖荒漠区，用于监测地表能量和碳通量。数据经过严格处理和质量控制，提供30分钟平均的通量及相关气象变量，适用于生态水文研究和遥感验证。