A Harmonized Global Aquatic N2O Emission Database (GANED): Unravelling N2O Emission Patterns from Different Water Bodies

The Global Aquatic Nitrous Oxide Emission Database (GANED) is a comprehensive synthesis of empirical observations of N2O concentration measurements and flux records, spanning the period 1981-2026. GANED advances N2O research by providing the first global systematic emission mechanisms among the different aquatic system types, including rivers, streams, estuaries, reservoirs, ponds, lakes, oceans and coastal waters. The N2O data in GANED is further interconnected with biogeochemical metadata on dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, water temperature, salinity and pH, along with site data (latitude, longitude, codes of channel type, depth, surface area, elevation). GANED constitutes a crucial transition “where” emissions occur to understanding “why” they differ across systems, and thus enabling targeted mitigation interventions. GANED includes 128431 original records of N2O concentration and 30189 flux measurements from 66240 unique sites.