Cold-ammonia co-exposure leads to gut microbial functional dysregulation by activating lung-gut axis-mediated immune pathways

Background: Cold and ammonia co-exposure, as common environmental stressors, induces exacerbated pulmonary dysfunction in people and animals. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that such pulmonary dysfunction initiates gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic immune hyperactivation via lung-gut axis. Yet the molecular crosstalk underlying this interorgan regulation and its functional impacts on microbial metabolism remain poorly defined.