Precipitation - BES rain gauge network

Abstract: Rain depth is collected using model 6011-A tipping bucket rain gauges manufactured by All Weather Inc. (formerly Qualimetrics). Two raingauges (RG1 and RG2) are installed at each of eight stations. Each rain gauge tip represents a depth of 0.01 inches of rainfall. Data are recorded by a data logger at the station and telemetered hourly to UMBC, where the data are stored in a data base. The rain gauges are not heated and therefore snow and ice storms are removed from the published record. The QA/QC procedure applied to the raw data includes removal of false tips and snow/ice events, accumulating tip data to a time series in inches/min, applying a laboratory-based calibration curve to the data, and converting corrected data to a one-minute time series in units of mm/min for publication. Type of instrument: Tipping bucket rain gauge Manufacturer: All Weather Inc. (formerly Qualimetrics Inc.) http://www.allweatherinc.com/ Model number: 6011-A Orifice opening: 8 in diameter (20 cm) Sensitivity: 0.01 in (0.25 mm) Manufacturer's specified calibrated accuracy: +/-0.5% at 0.5 in/hr. Manufacturer's specified repeatability: +/-3% Station information Each of eight stations consists of two tipping bucket rain gauges, a data logger (Campbell Scientific CR10X), a power source (10 W solar panel, solar controller, 12V 42 amp-hr battery), and a device for data transmission (Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven RV50). A contract is held with AT+T for data transmission. Raw data (time stamps of 0.01 inch tips) are recorded to the data logger and transmitted hourly via the Raven to University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) and stored in a data base at UMBC. Data streaming into UMBC are checked after every storm. Raw data can be viewed online at http://his10.umbc.edu/Precip/. If a station fails to transmit data, the station is visited after a storm for troubleshooting. Otherwise, stations are visited every 60 days to remove debris and trim weeds, check wiring and moving parts, clean solar panels, and remove any spider webs and insect nests. The rain gauges are not heated and therefore do not accurately record precipitation during snow and ice events. The rain gauges are deployed at locations listed in Table 1. The following QA/QC procedure is applied to the raw data to prepare for publication. (1) False tips are removed from the records; (2) snow and ice events are removed from the records; (3) a script is applied to the raw data to (a) accumulate the data to one-minute increments to derive a rain-rate time series; (b) apply a laboratory-derived calibration curve to the rain-rate time series, where a calibration is unique to a rain gauge; and � convert the data to desired units for publication (e.g., mm/min). Station name Station ID serial number* RG2 serial number* Carrie Murray Nature Center, WXCMNC, 2821, 2238 Carroll Park Golf Course, WXCPGC, 2244, 2494 Dead Run near Catonsville, WXDRNC, 2473 , 2486 Glyndon Elementary School, WXGFGL, 2126, 2255 Gwynns Falls Near Delight , WXGFND , 2157, 2168 McDonogh School , WXMCDO, 2231 , 2248 Oregon Ridge Park, WXORDG, ,2250 , 2124 UMBC Campus , WXUMBC, 2252 , 2873 * Deployment locations as of 12/31/2017 For further information contact: Claire Welty, UMBC, [e-mail] Locations Carrie Murray Nature Center, 39d18m26.09sN, 76d41m42.26sW Carroll Park Golf Course , 39d16m24.93sN, 76d38m54.91sW Dead Run Near Catonsville (DR5), 39d17m45.19sN, 76d44m38.50sW Glyndon Elementary School, 39d28m05.60sN, 76d48m37.80sW Gywnns Falls Near Delight , 39d26m38.01sN, 76d46m57.61sW McDonogh School, 39d23m46.81sN, 76d46m17.07sW Oregon Ridge Park , 39d29m47.65sN, 76d41m20.42sW UMBC, 39d15m15.48sN, 76d42m08.42sW

摘要：本数据集采用All Weather Inc.（前身为Qualimetrics）生产的6011-A型翻斗式雨量计（Tipping bucket rain gauge）采集降雨深度。每个站点布设2台雨量计（RG1与RG2），每一次翻斗动作对应0.01英寸的降雨量。数据由站点内的数据记录器（data logger）采集，并每小时远程传输至马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校（University of Maryland, Baltimore County，简称UMBC），最终存储于该校数据库中。该雨量计未配备加热装置，因此公开数据集中已剔除降雪与冰暴事件。针对原始数据的质量保证与质量控制（QA/QC）流程包括：剔除虚假翻斗信号与冰雪事件、将翻斗数据累计为英寸/分钟级的时间序列、应用实验室校准曲线对数据进行校正，并将校正后的数据转换为以mm/min为单位的1分钟时间序列以用于公开发布。

仪器参数
仪器类型：翻斗式雨量计（Tipping bucket rain gauge）
制造商：All Weather Inc.（前身为Qualimetrics Inc.）
官方网址：http://www.allweatherinc.com/
型号：6011-A
承雨口口径：8英寸（20厘米）
灵敏度：0.01英寸（0.25毫米）
制造商指定校准精度：在0.5英寸/小时的降雨强度下为±0.5%
制造商指定重复性：±3%

站点概况
本次共布设8个站点，每个站点均配备2台翻斗式雨量计、1台数据采集器（Campbell Scientific CR10X）、1套供电系统（10W太阳能板、太阳能控制器、12V 42安时蓄电池）以及1台数据传输设备（Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven RV50）。数据传输服务由AT&T提供。
原始数据（0.01英寸翻斗动作的时间戳）被记录至数据采集器，并通过Raven设备每小时传输至UMBC，存储于该校数据库中。UMBC侧会在每场降雨后对流入的数据流进行检查。原始数据可通过http://his10.umbc.edu/Precip/在线查看。
若某站点无法传输数据，则会在降雨过后前往该站点进行故障排查。日常维护方面，站点每60天巡检一次，清理杂物与杂草、检查线路与活动部件、清洁太阳能板、清除蜘蛛网与昆虫巢穴。
由于雨量计未配备加热装置，因此无法准确记录降雪与结冰事件下的降水量。雨量计布设位置详见表1。
针对原始数据的公开发布前QA/QC流程如下：
1. 剔除记录中的虚假翻斗信号；
2. 剔除记录中的冰雪事件；
3. 通过脚本对原始数据进行处理：
(a) 将数据累计为1分钟间隔的降雨率时间序列；
(b) 针对每台雨量计应用实验室推导的专属校准曲线对降雨率时间序列进行校正；
(c) 将数据转换为公开发布所需的单位（例如mm/min）。

站点信息表
| 站点名称 | 站点ID | RG1序列号* | RG2序列号* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 卡里·默里自然中心（Carrie Murray Nature Center） | WXCMNC | 2821 | 2238 |
| 卡罗尔公园高尔夫球场（Carroll Park Golf Course） | WXCPGC | 2244 | 2494 |
| 卡顿斯维尔附近Dead Run | WXDRNC | 2473 | 2486 |
| 格林登小学（Glyndon Elementary School） | WXGFGL | 2126 | 2255 |
| 德莱特附近Gwynns Falls | WXGFND | 2157 | 2168 |
| 麦克多诺学校（McDonogh School） | WXMCDO | 2231 | 2248 |
| 俄勒冈岭公园（Oregon Ridge Park） | WXORDG | 2250 | 2124 |
| UMBC校区 | WXUMBC | 2252 | 2873 |
* 截至2017年12月31日的部署位置

如需进一步咨询，请联系：克莱尔·韦尔蒂（Claire Welty），UMBC，邮箱：[e-mail]

站点坐标
卡里·默里自然中心：39°18′26.09″N，76°41′42.26″W
卡罗尔公园高尔夫球场：39°16′24.93″N，76°38′54.91″W
卡顿斯维尔附近Dead Run（DR5）：39°17′45.19″N，76°44′38.50″W
格林登小学：39°28′05.60″N，76°48′37.80″W
德莱特附近Gwynns Falls：39°26′38.01″N，76°46′57.61″W
麦克多诺学校：39°23′46.81″N，76°46′17.07″W
俄勒冈岭公园：39°29′47.65″N，76°41′20.42″W
UMBC校区：39°15′15.48″N，76°42′08.42″W