Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of Kosteletzkya (Malvaceae, Hibisceae) reveals multiple independent and successive polyploid speciation events

Kosteletzkya s.s. is a genus of 17 species (excluding the endemic species of Madagascar), found in the New World, continental Africa, Madagascar, and Southeast Asia. Recent chromosome counts revealed diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species. To estimate the history of the genus, we sequenced nuclear and plastid loci for nearly all Kosteletzkya spp., in the majority of cases, with multiple accessions per species. The African species form a paraphyletic grade relative to a New World clade. Polyploidy has occurred only in some African species, resulting in the relatively ancient formation of one putative autotetraploid species (K. semota), one recent allotetraploid species (K. borkouana), two relatively ancient allotetraploid species (K. begoniifolia and K. rotundalata) and one recent allohexaploid species (K. racemosa). Our inferences regarding the hypothesized parentage of the polyploids mostly corroborate previous work based on chromosome-pairing patterns in artificial hybrids, highlighting the utility of these complementary data sources.

狭义Kosteletzkya属（Kosteletzkya s.s.）包含17个物种（不含马达加斯加特有种），其自然分布涵盖新大陆、非洲大陆、马达加斯加以及东南亚地区。近期的染色体计数研究揭示了该属内存在二倍体、四倍体与六倍体物种。为解析该属的演化历史，我们对几乎所有狭义Kosteletzkya属物种的核基因座与质体基因座开展了测序；在多数类群中，每个物种均设置了多份采样材料。相较于新大陆支系，非洲物种构成了一个并系类群。多倍化事件仅发生于部分非洲物种中，由此衍生出多个多倍体类群：包括1个推测的同源四倍体物种（K. semota）、1个新近形成的异源四倍体物种（K. borkouana）、2个形成年代相对久远的异源四倍体物种（K. begoniifolia与K. rotundalata），以及1个新近形成的异源六倍体物种（K. racemosa）。我们针对多倍体推测亲本起源所做出的推断，大多与此前基于人工杂交种染色体配对模式开展的研究结果相吻合，凸显了这类互补型数据来源的应用价值。