Archaeological Data Recovery for Tonto Natural Bridge State Park Design of Access Roads: Preliminary Summary of Findings

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) is planning to undertake construction associated with the design of access roads and parking areas for the Tonto Natural Bridge State Park. Areas where ground disturbance will occur include (1) existing and new roads and parking areas within the park; (2) the access road across the Tonto National Forest, which will be upgraded, and (3) an area south of the Forest access road where a stock tank will be installed. Five archaeological sites that have been determined eligible for National Register listing under criterion "d," and an area surrounding two of the sites were identified as being subject to effect by the project. Accordingly, a research design for data recovery and a supplemental addendum were prepared, and fieldwork was undertaken during two field sessions. The research design and addendum outlined a two phase approach to data recovery at: • sites AZ O:11:38 (ASM) and AZ O:11:39 (ASM), as well as the potentially archaeologically sensitive area around them within the Tonto Natural Bridge State Park, • site AZ O:11:43 (ASM)/AR-03-12-04-72 (the Road site), which is within the Tonto National Forest and subject to effect by upgrading of the access road leading to the park, and • sites AZ O:11:41 (ASM)/AR-03-12-04-1212 (the Stock Tank site) and AZ O:11:42 (ASM)/AR-03-12-04-1213 (the Beehive site), which also are situated within the Forest, and subject to effect by construction of a stock tank for cattle. Phase 1 data recovery called for surface observations at the sites within the Forest, and excavations designed to assess subsurface potential in areas within the sites where ground disturbance was anticipated as a result of this undertaking at all five sites plus the sensitive area. Phase 2 data recovery was to be undertaken only if the phase I results indicated the sites had significant subsurface potential. The initial field session was conducted from 17 - 21 January 1994 at sites 38 and 39 and the area surrounding them, and at the Road site. Greg Woodall directed that field effort under the supervision of J. Simon Bruder. The second session was undertaken from 20 - 24 June 1994 at the Stock Tank and Beehive sites, with Glenn Darrington serving as field director. Our effort totaled 45 field person days. Field efforts and findings at each of the sites are summarized in the report.亚利桑那州交通局（Arizona Department of Transportation, ADOT）计划为通托天然桥州立公园（Tonto Natural Bridge State Park）开展进场道路与停车区域设计相关的施工工程。将发生地面扰动的区域包括：（1）公园内现有及新建道路与停车区域；（2）需进行升级改造的跨通托国家森林（Tonto National Forest）进场道路；（3）森林进场道路南侧将安装牲畜贮槽的区域。 经认定，有5处符合“d”标准、具备纳入《国家史迹名录（National Register）》资格的考古遗址，以及其中2处遗址周边区域，均受到本项目的影响。据此，项目组编制了数据恢复研究设计方案与补充附录，并开展了两阶段野外作业。该研究设计与附录明确了针对以下区域的数据恢复两阶段工作方案： • 通托天然桥州立公园内的AZ O:11:38（ASM）、AZ O:11:39（ASM）遗址，及其周边潜在考古敏感区域； • 位于通托国家森林内的AZ O:11:43（ASM）/AR-03-12-04-72（道路遗址），该遗址受公园进场道路升级工程影响； • 同样位于通托国家森林内的AZ O:11:41（ASM）/AR-03-12-04-1212（牲畜贮槽遗址）与AZ O:11:42（ASM）/AR-03-12-04-1213（蜂巢遗址），二者将受牲畜贮槽建设工程影响。 第一阶段数据恢复工作要求对森林内的遗址开展地表勘察，并针对所有5处遗址及敏感区域内预计因本工程发生地面扰动的点位，设计开挖作业以评估地下遗存潜力。第二阶段数据恢复工作仅在第一阶段结果显示遗址具备显著地下遗存潜力时开展。 首次野外作业于1994年1月17日至21日开展，作业范围包括38号、39号遗址及其周边区域，以及道路遗址，由格雷格·伍德尔（Greg Woodall）在J.西蒙·布鲁德（J. Simon Bruder）的监督下负责现场作业。第二次野外作业于1994年6月20日至24日在牲畜贮槽遗址与蜂巢遗址开展，由格伦·达林顿（Glenn Darrington）担任现场主管。本次野外作业总计耗时45个野外工作日。本报告对各遗址的野外作业内容与发现成果进行了总结。