Data from: Metaproteomics reveals metabolic transitions between healthy and diseased stony coral Mussismilia braziliensis

Infectious diseases such as white plague syndrome (WPS) and black band disease (BBD) have caused massive coral loss worldwide. We performed a metaproteomic study on the Abrolhos coral Mussismilia braziliensis to define the types of proteins expressed in healthy corals compared to WPS- and BBD-affected corals. A total of 6363 MS/MS spectra were identified as 361 different proteins. Healthy corals had a set of proteins that may be considered markers of holobiont homoeostasis, including tubulin, histone, Rab family, ribosomal, peridinin–chlorophyll a-binding protein, F0F1-type ATP synthase, alpha-iG protein, calmodulin and ADP-ribosylation factor. Cnidaria proteins found in healthy M. braziliensis were associated with Cnidaria–Symbiodinium endosymbiosis and included chaperones (hsp70, hsp90 and calreticulin), structural and membrane modelling proteins (actin) and proteins with functions related to intracellular vesicular traffic (Rab7 and ADP-ribosylation factor 1) and signal transduction (14-3-3 protein and calmodulin). WPS resulted in a clear shift in the predominance of proteins, from those related to aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (i.e. Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Actinomycetales) in healthy corals to those produced by facultative/anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (i.e. Enterobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes) in WPS corals. BBD corals developed a diverse community dominated by cyanobacteria and sulphur cycle bacteria. Hsp60, hsp90 and adenosylhomocysteinase proteins were produced mainly by cyanobacteria in BBD corals, which is consistent with elevated oxidative stress in hydrogen sulphide- and cyanotoxin-rich environments. This study demonstrates the usefulness of metaproteomics for gaining better comprehension of coral metabolic status in health and disease, especially in reef systems such as the Abrolhos that are suffering from the increase in global and local threatening events.

诸如白色瘟疫综合征（white plague syndrome, WPS）与黑带病（black band disease, BBD）这类传染病已在全球范围内造成大规模珊瑚死亡。本研究针对阿布洛霍斯海域的巴西扁脑珊瑚（Mussismilia braziliensis）开展宏蛋白质组学（metaproteomics）研究，旨在对比分析健康珊瑚与感染WPS、BBD的珊瑚的蛋白质表达谱差异。本次研究共计鉴定得到6363条串联质谱（MS/MS）谱图，对应361种独特蛋白质。健康珊瑚拥有一组可作为全共生体稳态（holobiont homoeostasis）标志物的蛋白质组，包括微管蛋白、组蛋白、Rab家族蛋白（Rab）、核糖体蛋白、甲藻素-叶绿素a结合蛋白、F0F1型ATP合酶、αi型G蛋白（alpha-iG protein）、钙调蛋白及ADP核糖基化因子（ADP-ribosylation factor）。健康巴西扁脑珊瑚中检出的刺胞动物（Cnidaria）蛋白质与刺胞动物-虫黄藻（Symbiodinium）内共生过程密切相关，包括分子伴侣（chaperones）类蛋白（热休克蛋白70（hsp70）、热休克蛋白90（hsp90）及钙网蛋白（calreticulin））、结构与膜重塑蛋白（肌动蛋白（actin）），以及参与细胞内囊泡转运的蛋白（Rab7与ADP核糖基化因子1（ADP-ribosylation factor 1））和信号转导相关蛋白（14-3-3蛋白与钙调蛋白）。感染WPS的珊瑚出现了蛋白质主导类群的显著转变：从健康珊瑚中以需氧固氮菌（包括根瘤菌目（Rhizobiales）、鞘氨醇单胞菌目（Sphingomonadales）与放线菌目（Actinomycetales））相关蛋白为主，转变为以兼性/厌氧硫酸盐还原菌（包括肠杆菌目（Enterobacteriales）、交替单胞菌目（Alteromonadales）、梭菌目（Clostridiales）及拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes））产生的蛋白为主。感染BBD的珊瑚则形成了以蓝细菌与硫循环细菌为主的多样化群落。在感染BBD的珊瑚中，热休克蛋白60（Hsp60）、热休克蛋白90（hsp90）及腺苷同型半胱氨酸酶（adenosylhomocysteinase）主要由蓝细菌产生，这与富含硫化氢（hydrogen sulphide）与蓝藻毒素（cyanotoxin）的环境中氧化应激水平升高的现象相符。本研究证明了宏蛋白质组学可用于深入解析健康与患病珊瑚的代谢状态，尤其适用于像阿布洛霍斯珊瑚礁系统这类正面临全球与本地威胁事件增多问题的海域。