Comparative-Typological Analysis of the Concept of Freedom in the Poetry of Walt Whitman and Rauf Parfi

This article examines the artistic and philosophical features of the concept of freedom in the poetry of the American poet Walt Whitman and the Uzbek poet Rauf Parfi from a comparative-typological perspective. The main aim of the study is to identify how individual freedom, personal identity, social consciousness, spiritual independence, and poetic freedom are expressed in the poetry of the two poets. The study employs comparative-typological, historical-literary, hermeneutic, and poetic methods of analysis. The results of the analysis show that attention to the human inner world, independent thinking, and spiritual dignity occupies an important place in the work of both Whitman and Parfi. At the same time, the artistic interpretation of freedom is inseparably linked to the historical, social, and cultural environment to which each poet belongs. While democratic spirit, individual identity, and the idea of unity with humanity predominate in Whitman's poetry, aspects related to national identity, spiritual suffering, moral independence, and the individual's inner resistance acquire particular importance in Parfi's work. By identifying the commonalities and differences in the work of the two poets, the article aims to reveal the national and universal features of the concept of freedom.