Disaggregating innovation for sustainable development in ASEAN: Panel evidence on the moderating role of government effectiveness

Full text where this data is used: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344357. The dataset contains annual panel data for ten ASEAN countries from 2011 to 2022, comprising key indicators used to examine the interplay between innovation, governance, and sustainable development. The core variables include the Global Innovation Index (GII), the Sustainable Development Index (SDG Index), and Government Effectiveness.

In addition to the overall GII score, the dataset provides disaggregated values for the seven GII pillars, labeled as P1 to P7, which capture different dimensions of national innovation systems:
P1: Institutions
P2: Human Capital & Research
P3: Infrastructure
P4: Market Sophistication
P5: Business Sophistication
P6: Knowledge & Technology Outputs
P7: Creative Outputs

Several important control variables are also included, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows (as % of GDP), Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (in constant 2015 USD, based on the World Bank’s Atlas method), and Government Effectiveness scores from the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI).

To ensure consistency, country names have been replaced with their respective international phone calling codes (e.g., +62 for Indonesia, +60 for Malaysia). Minor data gaps were addressed using linear interpolation, where methodologically appropriate.

The data are compiled from authoritative and publicly available sources, including the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the World Bank (WDI and WGI), and UNCTAD. This dataset is suitable for panel regression modeling, regional policy analysis, and studies on the determinants and enablers of sustainable development in Southeast Asia.