Measurement and Infrastructure Gap Analysis in Utah's Great Salt Lake Basin

The Measurement Infrastructure Gap Analysis in Utah’s Great Salt Lake Basin was a comprehensive inventory and analysis of existing diversion and stream measurement infrastructure along 19 primary river systems, as well as a preliminary investigation of measurement infrastructure gaps around Great Salt Lake proper. The purpose of this “Gap Analysis” was to develop methods to identify and prioritize areas throughout the Great Salt Lake basin where new or updated measurement infrastructure is needed to serve diverse objectives. The following gaps were identified: (1) existing measurement infrastructure quality and completeness gaps, (2) stakeholder identified gaps, and (3) potential spatial gaps in hydrologic understanding. By adapting the prioritization schema originally presented in the Colorado River Metering and Gaging and Gap Analysis to equally weight these three gap types at the HUC12 scale, a flexible framework for prioritizing new or updated measurement infrastructure in areas with large cumulative measurement gaps was developed, and high, medium, and low priority HUC12s were identified. Results showed that 250 diversion and 28 stream measurement devices along primary systems had at least one quality and/or completeness gap. The most common quality and completeness gaps were insufficient device types, lack of telemetry, and data record interval. Stakeholders suggested 50 instances of new or updated diversion measurement infrastructure, 95 instances of new or updated stream measurement infrastructure, and 39 recommendations for continued funding of existing measurement infrastructure—totaling 185 stakeholder-identified gaps. To provide a spatially consistent approach to identifying potential gaps in hydrologic understanding, geospatial datasets describing features or attributes that can impact local hydrology were used to identify measurement gaps at the HUC12 scale. Among HUC12s that overlapped with the river systems included in this analysis, HUC12s with the greatest number of potential spatial gaps were in the Bear River sub-basin and near reservoirs in the Weber River sub-basin. Based on the prioritization schema applied to synthesize these three gap types, there were 52 HUC12s along primary systems classified as high priority for measurement improvement. Of the 250 existing diversion and 28 stream measurement devices with at least one quality and/or completeness gap, 217 and 10 devices, respectively, were located within high priority HUC12s. Most stakeholder-identified gaps identified in the Weber and Jordan River sub-basins also fell within high-priority HUCs. Eighteen unique agencies suggested new or updated measurement infrastructure or continued funding of existing measurement infrastructure in high-priority HUC12s, demonstrating some consensus regarding measurement gaps in critical areas. There were 6 high priority HUC12s with no existing measurement infrastructure quality and completeness gaps, and 11 high priority HUC12s with no stakeholder-identified gaps. High priority HUC12s highlighted only due to potential spatial gaps may warrant additional investigation to further understand potential measurement gaps in these HUC12s. Because the prioritization schema applied equally weighted all three gap types, it likely does not fully represent the diverse missions and priorities of different stakeholder groups. To facilitate an adaptable approach to prioritize measurement gaps within the Great Salt Lake basin, raw data for each of the three gap types are provided to allow varied prioritization schemes to be developed by weighting gap types differently or considering subsets of data. These data provide the basis for stakeholders within the Great Salt Lake basin to collectively prioritize future investments in gaging infrastructure and better manage water throughout the Great Salt Lake basin.《犹他州大盐湖流域测量基础设施缺口分析》是一项针对19条主要河流系统沿线现有引水与河道测流基础设施开展的全面清查与分析工作，同时针对大盐湖本体周边的测量基础设施缺口进行了初步调研。本次「缺口分析」的核心目标是构建一套方法体系，用于识别大盐湖流域内各区域新增或升级测量基础设施的需求，并按优先级进行排序，以服务于多元业务目标。本次分析共识别出三类缺口：(1) 现有测量基础设施的质量与完整性缺口；(2) 利益相关方提出的缺口；(3) 水文认知层面的潜在空间缺口。研究借鉴《科罗拉多河计量与测流缺口分析》中提出的优先级划分框架，在12级水文单元（HUC12）尺度下为三类缺口赋予同等权重，构建了可灵活适配的优先级划分框架，用于识别存在显著累积测量缺口的区域，并划分出高、中、低优先级的12级水文单元。 分析结果显示，沿线现有250台引水测量设备与28台河道测流设备存在至少一项质量或完整性缺口。其中最常见的质量与完整性缺口包括设备类型配置不足、缺乏遥测功能以及数据记录间隔不合理。利益相关方共提出50处新增或升级引水测量基础设施的需求、95处新增或升级河道测量基础设施的需求，以及39项针对现有测量基础设施持续运维资金的建议，合计185项由利益相关方识别的缺口。为实现水文认知潜在缺口的空间一致性识别，研究采用可影响局地水文过程的地理空间数据集，在12级水文单元（HUC12）尺度下识别测量缺口。在纳入本次分析的河流系统覆盖的12级水文单元中，潜在空间缺口最多的区域分布在熊河子流域，以及韦伯河子流域的水库周边区域。 基于对三类缺口赋予同等权重的优先级划分框架，沿主要河流系统共有52个12级水文单元被划分为测流设施升级改造高优先级区域。在存在至少一项质量或完整性缺口的250台引水测量设备与28台河道测流设备中，分别有217台与10台位于高优先级12级水文单元内。多数在韦伯河与约旦河子流域中识别出的利益相关方提出的缺口，同样分布在高优先级12级水文单元中。共有18家不同机构提出在高优先级12级水文单元内新增或升级测量基础设施，或为现有设施争取持续运维资金，这表明在关键区域的测量缺口问题上已达成一定共识。其中有6个高优先级12级水文单元不存在现有测量基础设施的质量与完整性缺口，另有11个高优先级12级水文单元未被利益相关方提出缺口。仅因潜在空间缺口被列为高优先级的12级水文单元，需开展进一步调研以明确该类单元内潜在的测量缺口。 由于本次优先级划分框架对三类缺口赋予了同等权重，因此可能无法完全反映不同利益相关方群体的多样化任务与优先级偏好。为便于在大盐湖流域内采用更灵活的方式划分测量缺口优先级，研究提供了三类缺口的原始数据，支持通过调整各类缺口的权重或选取数据子集，构建多样化的优先级划分方案。这些数据可为大盐湖流域内的利益相关方协同开展未来测流基础设施投资优先级排序、优化全流域水资源管理提供基础支撑。