EU-scale maps of ecosystem services provision

This dataset is supplement to project deliverable "D4.2 - EU-scale maps of ecosystem services provision" from project "DRYvER - Securing biodiversity, functional integrity and ecosystem services in DRYing riVER networks" funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869226. This dataset includes map layers of ecosystem services provision in rivers at the European scale. We modelled the provisioning of 4 ecosystem services: water provisioning, dilution capacity, flood regulation in slopes, and drought regulation, in the European river networks, including both perennial and intermittent rivers. Water provisioning refers to the amount of water provided by freshwater ecosystems for consumptive and non-consumptive use. We calculated water provisioning in cubic hectometres in 2019 for the most downstream river reaches in the European river network (87,165 reaches) for 3 hydrological phases, which we defined a priori as pre-dry (March-April), dry (July-August), and post-dry (November-December), and for the whole year. Dilution capacity, measured by dilution factor (DF), is the river's capacity to dilute effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We calculated DF as the ratio between river flow and WWTP discharge. We calculated DF for 15,081 river reaches: 11,443 of them were perennial and 3638 intermittent. Flood regulation is the capacity of catchment to prevent or mitigate the impact of floods. We modelled the flood regulation in slopes as Hydrological Regulation Index (HRI). HRI is an estimation of the potential capacity of catchment to generate surface runoff; and it is based on slope, soil permeability, and average annual precipitation. Drought regulation is the ability of catchment to hold or store water resources and subsequently support river flow during drought. We calculated drought regulation as Local Recharge Index (LRI) and Surface Storage Index (SSI). Local Recharge Index (LRI) is an estimation of the amount of water (mm) that infiltrates into soil over a year and could then potentially recharge groundwater. Surface Storage Index (SSI) is an estimation of the suitability of different areas in the catchment to operate as surface water retention and storage. We calculated HRI, LRI, and SSI for catchments based on HydroBASINS level 3 sub-units: for 17 catchments of the European river network.本数据集为欧盟“DRYvER——保护渐干河网中的生物多样性、功能完整性与生态系统服务（ecosystem services）”项目的交付成果补充材料，该项目获欧盟地平线2020（Horizon 2020）研究与创新计划资助，资助协议编号为869226，对应交付成果为“D4.2 - 欧洲尺度生态系统服务供给地图”。本数据集包含欧洲尺度下河流生态系统服务供给的地图图层。研究团队针对涵盖常年河与间歇河的欧洲河网，建模了4项生态系统服务的供给能力，分别为水资源供给（water provisioning）、稀释能力、坡面洪水调节与干旱调节。水资源供给指淡水生态系统为消费性与非消费性用途提供的水量；研究以立方百米为单位，计算了2019年欧洲河网中最下游河段（共87165个河段）在3个预先定义的水文阶段——枯水前期（3-4月）、枯水期（7-8月）、枯水后期（11-12月），以及全年的水资源供给量。稀释能力以稀释因子（dilution factor，DF）衡量，指河流稀释污水处理厂（wastewater treatment plants，WWTPs）排放废水的能力；研究将稀释因子定义为径流量与污水处理厂排放量的比值，并针对15081个河段计算了该因子，其中11443个为常年河段，3638个为间歇河段。洪水调节指集水区预防或减缓洪水影响的能力；研究将坡面洪水调节建模为水文调节指数（Hydrological Regulation Index，HRI），该指数用于估算集水区产生地表径流的潜在能力，其计算基于坡度、土壤渗透率与年平均降水量。干旱调节指集水区留存或储存水资源，并在干旱时期维持河川径流量的能力；研究通过本地补给指数（Local Recharge Index，LRI）与地表存储指数（Surface Storage Index，SSI）量化干旱调节能力，其中本地补给指数（LRI）用于估算一年内渗入土壤并可补给地下水的水量（单位：毫米），地表存储指数（SSI）用于估算集水区内不同区域作为地表水滞留与存储场所的适宜性。研究基于HydroBASINS三级子流域单元，为欧洲河网的17个集水区计算了水文调节指数（HRI）、本地补给指数（LRI）与地表存储指数（SSI）。