Anatomical parameters for musculoskeletal modeling of the hand and wrist

A musculoskeletal model of the hand and wrist can provide valuable biomechanical and neurophysiological insights, relevant for clinicians and ergonomists. Currently, no consistent data-set exists comprising the full anatomy of these upper extremity parts. The aim of this study was to collect a complete anatomical data-set of the hand and wrist, including the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. One right lower arm, taken from a fresh frozen female specimen, was studied. Geometrical data for muscles and joints were digitized using a 3D optical tracking system. For each muscle, optimal fiber length and physiological cross-sectional area were assessed based on muscle belly mass, fiber length, and sarcomere length. A brief description of model, in which these data were imported as input, is also provided. Anatomical data including muscle morphology and joint axes (48 muscles and 24 joints) and mechanical representations of the hand are presented. After incorporating anatomical data in the presented model, a good consistency was found between outcomes of the model and the previous experimental studies.

手与腕部肌肉骨骼模型可提供极具价值的生物力学与神经生理学见解，对临床医师与人类工效学家具有重要参考价值。目前尚无涵盖该上肢部位完整解剖结构的统一数据集。本研究旨在采集手与腕部的完整解剖数据集，包含手部固有肌与外在肌。本次研究选用1例取自新鲜冰冻女性标本的右侧前臂开展分析。通过三维光学追踪系统完成肌肉与关节几何数据的数字化采集。针对每一块肌肉，基于肌腹质量、肌纤维长度与肌节长度，测算其最优肌纤维长度与生理横截面积。本文还简要介绍了将上述数据作为输入参数导入的肌肉骨骼模型。本研究呈现了手部的解剖数据（涵盖肌肉形态与关节轴信息，共包含48块肌肉、24个关节）以及手部力学表征。将解剖数据导入所提出的模型后，模型输出结果与既往实验研究结果之间展现出良好的一致性。