Spatiotemporal examination of seasonal surface water changes

The dataset supports spatiotemporal analysis of interactions between seasonal water, climate, land use, policy, and socioeconomic changes. The seasonal water area data was extracted from The JRC Monthly Water History, V1.2. This entire history collection includes 430 monthly water detection images between March 1984 and December 2019. Each image contains 30m pixels with three possible cell values: 1 - not water (i.e., land), 2 - seasonal water, and 3 - permanent water. We aimed at examining the whole Hulun-Buir basin consisting of 12 banners. We counted the total number of cells with a 2 value each year over each banner from 2000 to 2014. We multiplied that number by 30m × 30m to get the yearly seasonal water areas by banners. The data of precipitation and temperature were interpolated from the 50 weather stations in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) of China (http://cdc.cma.gov.cn). The annual precipitation and the average temperature were spatially interpolated as two grid maps at 250m×250m using ArcGIS Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). The cell values were resampled as the averaged values by counties. The data of land-use and land-cover changes (LULC) primarily came from The NASA MCD12Q1 Data Product (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mcd12q1v006/) at 500 m resolution. 16 out of the 17 International Geosphere-Biosphere Program LULC types were found in the study area, except "Evergreen Broadleaf Forest" (http://www.igbp.net/). The socioeconomic variables were entered from the statistic yearbooks of the IMAR from 2000 to 2015 (IMAR Statistical Bureau, 2001 - 2016). All data are stored in the excel file, titled as HulunBuir_Seasonal_Water_Change_Research_Data_Sources. The worksheet called ‘Data’ contains all data items; the worksheet of ‘Explanation’ provides full names and measurement units of the abbreviated variable names; and the worksheet of ‘Banner_Names’ includes the Chinese and English names along with the index ID for the counties involved with the dataset. Banner is the Mongolian term of the English word, County.

本数据集支持针对季节性水体、气候、土地利用、政策与社会经济变化之间相互作用的时空分析。
季节性水体面积数据源自JRC月度水体历史数据集V1.2（The JRC Monthly Water History, V1.2）。该完整历史数据集涵盖了1984年3月至2019年12月期间的430幅月度水体检测影像，每幅影像包含分辨率为30米的像素，单元格取值共有三种可能：1代表非水体（即陆地）、2代表季节性水体、3代表永久性水体。
本研究聚焦于包含12个旗的呼伦贝尔流域，我们统计了2000年至2014年间每个旗内每年取值为2的单元格总数量，再将该数值乘以30米×30米，即可得到各旗的年度季节性水体面积。
降水与气温数据源自中国内蒙古自治区（Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, IMAR）境内50个气象站点的插值数据（http://cdc.cma.gov.cn）。我们采用ArcGIS反距离权重法（ArcGIS Inverse Distance Weighted, IDW），将年降水量与平均气温空间插值为分辨率250米×250米的两张栅格图，并将栅格单元格值重采样为各旗的平均值。
土地利用与土地覆被变化（Land-use and land-cover changes, LULC）数据主要源自NASA MCD12Q1数据集产品（https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mcd12q1v006/），其空间分辨率为500米。研究区内涵盖了国际地圈生物圈计划（International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, IGBP）17类土地覆被类型中的16类，仅缺失“常绿阔叶森林（Evergreen Broadleaf Forest）”类（http://www.igbp.net/）。
社会经济变量源自2000年至2015年内蒙古自治区统计年鉴（内蒙古自治区统计局，2001-2016）。
所有数据均存储于名为"HulunBuir_Seasonal_Water_Change_Research_Data_Sources"的Excel文件中，其中名为"Data"的工作表包含全部数据条目；名为"Explanation"的工作表提供了缩写变量名的完整名称与测量单位；名为"Banner_Names"的工作表则包含本数据集涉及的各旗的中英文名称及索引ID。注："Banner（旗）"为对应英文"County（县）"的蒙古语术语。