GroMoPo Metadata for Shiroishi plain salinization model

In coastal areas, groundwater and aquifer systems are easily prone to pollution and contamination. Moreover, sea level rises also threaten the viability of many coastal zones and small islands. In the Shiroishi lowland plain, southwestern Kyushu Island of Japan, some environmental problems such as land subsidence and salinity intrusion due to over pumping of groundwater have long been recognized as water problems and become causes for public concern. In this study, an integrated surface and groundwater model was established and applied to the Shiroishi site to simulate groundwater flow hydraulics and predict the salinity intrusion process in the alluvial lowland plain. The simulated results show that groundwater levels in the aquifer greatly vary in response to varying climatic and pumping conditions. It is also found that sea water intrusion would be expected along the coast if the current rates of groundwater exploitation continue. Furthermore, sea water intrusion with a relative rise in sea water level due to aquifer compression and global climatic change was also considered. As a result, sea water intrusion appears to extend much farther in land from the coast compared to a reference case. The study also suggests a possible alternative to mitigate the inverse effects by pumping groundwater.沿海区域的地下水与含水层系统（groundwater and aquifer systems）极易受到污染与侵染。此外，海平面上升亦对诸多沿海地带及小型岛屿的生态存续构成严峻威胁。日本九州岛西南部的白石低地平原，长期以来因地下水超采引发的地面沉降、盐度入侵等环境问题，早已被纳入重点关注的水安全议题，并引发公众广泛关切。本研究构建并应用了地表水-地下水耦合模型（integrated surface and groundwater model），针对该白石低地平原场地开展地下水水动力模拟与冲积低平原（alluvial lowland plain）的盐度入侵过程预测。模拟结果表明，含水层地下水位会随气候条件与抽水工况的变化产生显著波动。研究同时发现，若维持当前地下水开采速率，沿海区域将出现海水入侵现象。此外，本研究还考量了因含水层压缩与全球气候变化（global climatic change）导致海平面相对上升情景下的海水入侵过程，结果显示，相较于参考情景（reference case），该情景下海水入侵向内陆的推进距离显著更远。本研究同时提出了通过优化地下水抽水方案以减缓此类负面影响的可行途径。