Borehole permafrost data, Kumtor and Taragai Valleys, Tienshan, Kazakhstan, Version 1

This dataset includes observations of the permafrost temperatures in the Inner Tien Shan were started in 1986 by Kazakhstan Alpine Permafrost Laboratory. Observations are carried out on more than 40 boreholes, at altitudes between 3300-4200 m. The depths of the boreholes vary from 30 to 600 m. The boreholes are located in both loose (moraines) sediments and bedrock. Several boreholes are situated in the territory of the 'Kumtor' goldmine. The geocryological conditions of goldmine 'Kumtor' and nearby territory have been discussed in scientific reports 1988, 1989 and articles (see references). Two boreholes were drilled in body of glacier 'Davydov' and located in the central and lateral parts of the glacier (depth - 30 m). A third borehole passed through the glacier, moraine and bedrock to a depth of 600 m. In the Kumtor and Taragai valleys, permafrost temperature in 14 boreholes from 25 to 50 m depth, between 3300-3750 m ASL were observed. The distance between outermost boreholes is about 40 km.

Temperature measurements in 9 geological prospecting adits [tunnels] (lengthwise 1500-1900 m) located in the four neighboring valleys (altitudes from 3920 to 4010 m) were carried out. At the same sites, but in natural conditions, the thermal conductivity of the bedrock was determined by the cylindrical sounding method. Grain size, soil moisture content, cryogenic structure and depth of seasonal thaw were also obtained from 15 pits located in differing altitudinal levels and exposures. At two further sites, ground temperatures measurements at depths of 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 cm were taken every hour during daylight hours every 5 days over a two year period. Air temperature, wind velocity and duration of daylight were measured at the same time as the ground temperature measurements. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

本数据集收录了由哈萨克斯坦高山冻土实验室（Kazakhstan Alpine Permafrost Laboratory）自1986年起开展的中天山（Inner Tien Shan）多年冻土（permafrost）温度观测数据。观测工作依托40余口钻孔（borehole）完成，钻孔海拔介于3300~4200米之间，孔深范围为30~600米。钻孔分布于松散沉积物（冰碛物，moraines）与基岩两类介质中，其中部分钻孔位于“库姆托尔（Kumtor）”金矿辖区内。1988、1989年的科研报告及相关学术论文（详见参考文献）已对库姆托尔金矿及周边区域的冻土地质条件展开过讨论。另有两口钻孔钻设于“达维多夫（Davydov）”冰川体内，分别位于冰川中部与侧部，孔深30米；第三口钻孔穿透冰川、冰碛物与基岩，终孔深度达600米。在库姆托尔与塔拉盖（Taragai）河谷中，研究人员对海拔3300~3750米区域内14口钻孔25~50米深度处的多年冻土温度进行了观测，最外侧钻孔间距约40千米。

研究团队还对相邻4条河谷（海拔3920~4010米）中的9条地质勘探平硐（隧道，adit）开展了温度测量。在上述部分测点的自然环境中，采用圆柱探测法测定了基岩的热导率（thermal conductivity）。此外，研究人员在不同海拔与坡向区域布设的15个探坑中获取了颗粒级配、土壤含水率、冻土低温结构以及季节融化深度（depth of seasonal thaw）等数据。另有两处测点，在两年周期内，每5天的昼间时段内每小时开展一次0、2、5、10、15、20及40厘米深度的地表温度监测，同步记录了气温、风速与日照时长。上述所有数据均收录于1998年6月发布的CAPS 1.0版光盘中。