遇见数据集

Ur III Prices A Revisited

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Zenodo2025-12-11 更新2026-05-26 收录
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Recommended Citation APA Format: Rauchhaus, F. (2025). Ur III Prices A Revisited [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17896021 Chicago Format: Rauchhaus, Felix. “Ur III Prices A Revisited.” Zenodo, December 11, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17896021 . If you use or refer to this dataset, please cite it as above. Abstract / Description This dataset compiles the price or value equivalent data of cattle, equids, sheep and goats from administrative and legal documents from the Ur III period. The readings of the Sumerian terms follow Attinger (2023). The document references follow BDTNS. The system of measurement follows Powell (1987–1990). Scope and Methodology ● Corpus Coverage: Known Ur III Umma cuneiform sources mentioning prices of livestock searchable in BDTNS up to summer 2025. ● Transliteration Standards: Attinger (2023). ● Chronology and Dating: Year name sequence follows Molina (2023). Usually, the datings from BDTNS are adopted but deviations exist. ● Measurement Units: Payments for animals were made in shekels/mana of silver = giĝ₄ (≈ 8.33 g)/ma-na (≈ 500 g), barley = še, dates = zu₂-lum, and oil = i₃ [barley, dates, and oil capacity measures: 1.0.0 = 1 gur (≈300L), 0.1.0 = 1 bariga (≈60L), 0.0.1 = 1 ban (≈10L) and sila₃ (≈ 1L); 1 gur = 5 bariga = 30 ban = 300 sila₃]. ● Uncertainties: Data marked with ? highlight uncertain interpretations or restorations of damaged passages. Data Format ● File Type: CSV (UTF-8, tabular) ● Primary Fields: Type (of Animal), Quality Level, Reference, Provenance, Comments, Date, Quantity (Adapted Transliteration), Total Value/Price (Adapted Transliteration), Value per animal in shekels of silver, Value of animal in grams of silver. Introduction This dataset contains price or value equivalence data from Ur III documents accessible via BDTNS up to summer 2025. Some of the prices were already collected in Snell 1982. The included animals are anšekunga₂ “mules,” ab₂ “cows,” gud “male cattle,” anše unspecified “donkeys,” eme₃ “jennys,” dur₃ “jacks,” u₈ “ewes,” udu “sheep,” sila₄ “lambs,” maš₂ “goats,” and ud₅ “nannies.” Dates, proveniences, and transliterations predominantly follow BDTNS, but deviations exist. The comment column indicates to which degree the transliteration could be checked, by photo (highest data quality) = no comment, just by copy (mediocre data quality) = “no photo,” and no possibility (lowest data quality= = “no copy, no photo.” The comment section also includes translations of the column Quality Level (in Sumerian). The “reference” of the price is the Ur III text name including obverse/reverse, column and line; the text’s name follows BDTNS conventions. Comments, suggestions of additional data, or questions can be sent to Rauchhaus.F_sum@gmx.de. Most animals were bought or at least calculated in silver. Other commodities—barley, dates, and oil/fat—have the following equivalences to silver: Barley: as given in the respective texts, if not: 300 sila₃ (300L) = 1 giĝ₄ (see Cripps 2017). Dates: as given in the respective texts. Oil: as given in the respective texts. Bibliography Attinger, P. (2023): “Glossaire sumérien-français. principalement des textes littéraires paléobabyloniens.” Deuxième édition. . Cripps, E. (2017): “The Structure of Prices in the Neo-Sumerian Economy (I): Barley:Silver Price Ratios.” CDLJ 2017:2. https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/articles/cdlj/2017-2. Molina, M. (2023). “I nomi di anno,” in Pomponio, F. (ed.): Il regno della Terza Dinastia di Ur. StSem 25. Rome: Sapienza Università di Roma, 259–98. Powell, M. (1987–1990): “Masse und Gewichte,” in Edzard, D. (ed.) Libanukšabaš — Medizin, RlA 7. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 457–517.

推荐引用格式 APA格式: Rauchhaus, F. (2025). 《乌尔第三王朝物价研究重探》[数据集]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17896021 芝加哥格式: Rauchhaus, Felix. “乌尔第三王朝物价研究重探”. Zenodo, 2025年12月11日. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17896021. 若您使用或引用本数据集,请遵循上述格式进行引用。 摘要/描述 本数据集汇编了乌尔第三王朝(Ur III)时期行政与法律文书中涉及牛、奇蹄目动物、绵羊与山羊的价格或价值等价物数据。苏美尔语术语的释读遵循Attinger (2023),文书引用遵循BDTNS标准,度量衡体系遵循Powell (1987–1990)。 研究范围与方法论 ● 语料覆盖范围:截至2025年夏季,可在BDTNS中检索到的提及家畜价格的已知乌尔第三王朝乌玛楔形文字文本。 ● 转写标准:Attinger (2023)。 ● 年代学与断代:年名序列遵循Molina (2023)。通常采用BDTNS中的断代结果,但存在部分偏差。 ● 度量衡单位:家畜的支付媒介为银舍客勒/玛那(ma-na),其中giĝ₄约合8.33克,ma-na约合500克;大麦(še)、椰枣(zu₂-lum)与油脂(i₃)的容量度量体系如下:1.0.0 = 1古尔(gur,≈300升),0.1.0 = 1巴里加(bariga,≈60升),0.0.1 = 1班(ban,≈10升),以及西拉₃(sila₃,≈1升);1古尔 = 5巴里加 = 30班 = 300西拉₃。 ● 不确定性:标注有问号(?)的数据代表对破损文本的解读或补全存在不确定性。 数据格式 ● 文件类型:CSV(UTF-8编码,表格格式) ● 核心字段:动物类型、质量等级、参考文献、出土地点、注释、日期、适配转写的数量、总价值/价格(适配转写)、单只动物的银舍客勒价值、单只动物的银克重价值。 研究介绍 本数据集包含截至2025年夏季可通过BDTNS获取的乌尔第三王朝文书中的价格或价值等价物数据,其中部分价格数据曾收录于Snell 1982。 本次收录的动物包括:anšekunga₂“骡子”、ab₂“母牛”、gud“公牛”、未指定的anše“驴”、eme₃“母驴”、dur₃“公驴”、u₈“母羊”、udu“绵羊”、sila₄“羔羊”、maš₂“山羊”以及ud₅“母山羊”。 日期、出土地点与转写内容主要遵循BDTNS标准,但存在部分偏差。注释列用于说明转写的可验证程度:通过照片验证(数据质量最高)无需额外注释;仅通过抄本验证(数据质量中等)标注为“无照片”;无法验证(数据质量最低)标注为“无抄本、无照片”。注释栏同时包含苏美尔语质量等级列的译文。本数据集的“参考文献”项指乌尔第三王朝文本的名称,包括正面/反面、栏位与行数,文本名称遵循BDTNS命名规范。 联系方式与补充说明 如需提出补充数据的建议或疑问,可发送邮件至Rauchhaus.F_sum@gmx.de。 绝大多数家畜以白银计价或至少以白银作为价值等价物,其他商品——大麦、椰枣与油脂/脂肪——与白银的等价关系如下: 大麦:按对应文本中的记载为准,若无明确记载,则300西拉₃(300升)=1舍客勒银(参见Cripps 2017)。 椰枣:按对应文本中的记载为准。 油脂:按对应文本中的记载为准。 参考文献 Attinger, P. (2023): 《苏美尔-法语词典:主要面向古巴比伦文学文本》,第二版。 Cripps, E. (2017): 《新苏美尔经济中的价格结构(一):大麦与白银的价格比》,CDLJ 2017:2。https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/articles/cdlj/2017-2. Molina, M. (2023). 《年名》,收录于Pomponio, F. 主编:《乌尔第三王朝王国》,StSem 25。罗马:罗马智慧大学,259–298页。 Powell, M. (1987–1990): 《度量衡》,收录于Edzard, D. 主编:《Libanukšabaš — 医学》,RlA 7。柏林:瓦尔特·德·古伊特出版社,457–517页。

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