Data from: Phylogenetic diversity, types of endemism and the evolutionary history of New World bats

New World bats represent over one third of global bat species and encompass the widest adaptive radiation among bats. Modern bat diversity in the Americas resulted from a mixture of migrations and colonisations of different taxa throughout the Cenozoic. Traditionally, these taxa are conceived as either South or North American, based on the location of their centres of diversification. To better understand the spatial and temporal processes behind modern biogeographic patterns of New World bat fauna, we investigated phylogenetic diversity (PD) and endemism (PE) for 325 American bat species using distribution maps and a species-level phylogenetic supertree of bats. Randomisation tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of our results, and to derive a categorical analysis of neo- and palaeo-endemism (CANAPE) to deconstruct significant endemism into its different components. PD and PE showed different patterns than those previously reported for New World bats based on traditional measures of diversity. We found multiple centres of significant endemism across the New World for most bat families, extending the hypothesis of dual centres of diversification, previously proposed for Emballonuridae, Phyllostomidae and Mormoopidae, to Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. Our results indicate that Central America and southern North America played important roles in the diversification of New World bats, as did the Andes in the diversification of Vespertilionidae in South America.

新大陆蝙蝠（New World bats）占全球蝙蝠物种总数的三分之一以上，是蝙蝠类群中适应性辐射程度最高的类群。美洲现代蝙蝠多样性的形成，是新生代（Cenozoic）以来不同类群多次迁移与定殖共同作用的结果。传统上，学界依据类群的多样化中心分布区域，将这些蝙蝠类群划分为南美类群与北美类群。为深入解析新大陆蝙蝠类群现代生物地理格局背后的时空形成机制，本研究基于分布地图与蝙蝠物种级系统发育超树，对325种美洲蝙蝠的系统发育多样性（phylogenetic diversity, PD）与特有性（endemism, PE）开展了分析。本研究采用随机化检验评估结果的统计学显著性，并通过新古特有性分类分析（categorical analysis of neo- and palaeo-endemism, CANAPE）将显著特有性拆解为不同组成部分。研究发现，系统发育多样性与特有性的分布模式，与此前基于传统多样性测度得到的新大陆蝙蝠分布模式存在显著差异。本研究在新大陆范围内多数蝙蝠科中发现了显著特有性的分布中心，将此前针对鞘尾蝠科（Emballonuridae）、叶口蝠科（Phyllostomidae）与怪脸蝠科（Mormoopidae）提出的双多样化中心假说，拓展至犬吻蝠科（Molossidae）与蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）。研究结果表明，中美洲与北美南部在新大陆蝙蝠的多样化进程中发挥了关键作用，安第斯山脉同样对南美洲蝙蝠科的多样化具有重要意义。