Musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, anthropometric and sensorial changes following breast cancer surgery

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm in women. Surgical intervention is one of the recommended treatments, which can lead to significant physical and sensorial sequelae. Objective: To analyze the musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, anthropometric and sensorial functions of women who underwent breast cancer surgery. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study with women who underwent surgical resection of breast tumors at Amaral Carvalho, a reference hospital in the countryside of the São Paulo State, Jaú/SP, Brazil. Three assessments were obtained: pre-surgery (Ass1), one day after the surgery (Ass2) and 15 days after surgery (Ass3). Sociodemographic and gynecological data were collected, and anthropometric, cardiovascular, dermal sensitivity, range of motion (ROM) of the upper limbs, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and thoraco-abdominal mobility assessments were performed. Data were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon statistical test with a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Results: Eighteen women, with a mean age of 57.44 ± 9.35 years, mainly with the left side affected (61.1%) and lymphadenectomy performed in 50% of the cases. Differences were found in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, PEF and SpO2, axillary ROM index (Ass1>Ass2), PImax (Ass3>Ass2), perimetry (Ass2>Ass3), ROM in all axes of shoulder motion and wrist flexion (Ass2Ass2 and Ass1). Conclusion: The surgery for breast cancer excision resulted in hemodynamic and respiratory changes, especially on the first day after the procedure, returning to baseline values approximately 15 days later.

摘要 引言：乳腺癌是女性第二常见的恶性肿瘤。外科手术是推荐的治疗方案之一，但该疗法可引发显著的躯体及感觉后遗症。研究目的：分析接受乳腺癌手术的女性患者的肌肉骨骼、心肺、人体测量学及感觉功能状态。研究方法：本研究为观察性横断面研究，研究对象为巴西圣保罗州雅乌市（Jaú/SP）区域转诊医院Amaral Carvalho内接受乳腺肿瘤手术切除的女性患者。共开展三次评估：术前（Ass1）、术后1日（Ass2）及术后15日（Ass3）。收集受试者的社会人口学与妇科相关数据，并完成人体测量学、心血管、皮肤敏感度、上肢关节活动度（range of motion, ROM）、外周血氧饱和度（peripheral oxygen saturation, SpO₂）、吸气肌力量（inspiratory muscle strength, PImax）、呼气峰流量（peak expiratory flow, PEF）以及胸腹活动度评估。数据采用重复测量方差分析与经Bonferroni校正的Wilcoxon统计学检验进行分析，检验水准设定为p<0.05。研究结果：共纳入18名女性患者，平均年龄为57.44±9.35岁，左侧乳腺受累者占比61.1%，其中50%的患者接受了腋窝淋巴结清扫术。研究发现受试者的收缩压、舒张压、PEF及SpO₂存在组间差异；腋窝关节活动度指数表现为Ass1>Ass2，吸气肌力量表现为Ass3>Ass2，围度测量值表现为Ass2>Ass3，肩关节各活动轴及腕屈活动度在Ass2与Ass1间存在差异。研究结论：乳腺癌切除术可引发血流动力学与呼吸功能改变，尤以术后首日最为显著，相关指标约在术后15天恢复至基线水平。