ПАРАМЕТРЫ И РЕЖИМЫ РАБОТЫ ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ ДЕКАПИТАЦИИ КАРТОФЕЛЯ

Obtaining environmentally friendly potato products without additional application of agrochemicals is possible on condition that a technological method of decapitation is used. This stimulates the crop viability and helps to increase the leaf surface. The process of decapitation consists in removing the apical part of stems, which spurs the development of lateral shoots. Potato has both upright and defl ected stems, therefore, the upper part should be brought to the cutting unit before decapitation, and since the stems can be easily injured, this operation needs to be very delicate. In this regard, the authors suggest paying attention to a possibility of lifting the potato stems to the cutting unit knife during decapitation, making use of suction air fl ow. This approach allows to perform the operation with minimal friction between a plant and the surface without injuring its stems and leaves. The authors provide grounds for a method of determining the parameters of a pneumatic system of lifting potato stems. It has been found that to ensure stem lifting with a shoot height difference of 0.10…0.15 m during potato decapitation, use can be made of a unit with a suction pipe mouth diameter of 0.35 m, and at the air velocity of 10…15 m/s, respectively.

若采用打顶工艺技术，即可在无需额外施用农用化学品的前提下，生产环境友好型马铃薯产品。该技术可提升作物活力，同时增大叶面积。打顶作业的流程为摘除茎秆顶端部分，此举可促进侧枝萌发与生长。马铃薯茎秆兼具直立型与弯折型两种形态，因此打顶前需将茎秆上部送至切割装置处；且茎秆极易受损，该操作需格外轻柔。有鉴于此，研究团队提出可利用抽吸气流（suction air flow）在打顶过程中将马铃薯茎秆输送至切割装置的刀具处。该方案可使植株与接触面间的摩擦降至最低，避免损伤茎秆与叶片。本研究团队为确定马铃薯茎秆输送气动系统的参数提供了方法依据。研究表明，若要在马铃薯打顶作业中实现茎秆输送且保证茎秆高度差处于0.10~0.15 m区间，可采用吸口直径为0.35 m的输送装置，并分别匹配10~15 m/s的气流速度。