Data from: Volunteer motivators for participating in HIV vaccine clinical trials in Nairobi, Kenya

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Background: 1.5 million Kenyans are living with HIV/AIDS as per 2015 estimates. Though there is a notable decline in new HIV infections, continued effort is still needed to develop an efficacious, accessible and affordable HIV vaccine. HIV vaccine clinical trials bear risks, hence a need to understand volunteer motivators for enrolment, retention and follow-up. Understanding the factors that motivate volunteers to participate in a clinical trial can help to strategize, refine targeting and thus increase enrolment of volunteers in future HIV vaccine clinical trials. The health belief model classifies motivators into social benefits such as ‘advancing research’ and collaboration with science, and personal benefits such as health benefits and financial interests.

Method: A thematic analysis was carried out on data obtained from four HIV clinical trials conducted at KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research in Nairobi Kenya from 2009 to 2015. Responses were obtained from a Questionnaire administered to the volunteers during their screening visit at the research site.

Results: Of the 281 healthy, HIV-uninfected volunteers participating in this study; 38% were motivated by personal benefits including, 31% motivated by health benefits and 7% motivated by possible financial gains. In addition, 62% of the volunteers were motivated by social benefits with 20% of who were seeking to help their family/society/world while 42% were interested in advancing research.

Conclusion: The majority of volunteers in the HIV vaccine trials at our site were motivated by social benefits, suggesting that altruism can be a major contributor to participation in HIV vaccine studies. Personal benefits were a secondary motivator for the volunteers. The motivators to volunteer in HIV clinical trials were similar across ages, education level and gender. Education on what is needed (including volunteer participation) to develop an efficacious vaccine could be the key to greater volunteer motivation to participate in HIV vaccine clinical trials.

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摘要
背景：据2015年统计数据，肯尼亚共有150万人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS，艾滋病）感染者。尽管新增HIV感染病例已出现显著下降，但仍需持续发力以研发有效、可及且可负担的HIV疫苗。HIV疫苗临床试验存在一定风险，因此有必要明晰志愿者参与试验、完成随访的动机。了解激励志愿者参与临床试验的因素，有助于制定招募策略、优化靶向人群，进而提升未来HIV疫苗临床试验的志愿者招募规模。健康信念模型（Health Belief Model）将动机分为两类：一类为社会收益，如"推动研究进展"以及参与科学协作；另一类为个人收益，包括健康获益与经济回报。

方法：本研究对2009年至2015年间，在肯尼亚内罗毕KAVI临床研究所（KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research）开展的4项HIV临床试验所获数据开展主题分析。数据来源于研究现场筛查访视时向志愿者发放的问卷回复。

结果：本研究共纳入281名健康、HIV阴性的志愿者，其中38%的志愿者受个人收益驱动，具体包括31%因健康获益、7%因潜在经济收益。此外，62%的志愿者受社会收益驱动，其中20%希望帮助家庭/社会/世界，42%希望推动研究进展。

结论：本研究所在机构开展的HIV疫苗临床试验中，多数志愿者受社会收益驱动，表明利他主义是推动志愿者参与HIV疫苗研究的主要因素，个人收益则为次要动机。不同年龄、受教育程度和性别的志愿者，其参与HIV临床试验的动机并无显著差异。加强关于研发有效疫苗所需条件（包括志愿者参与）的科普教育，或可成为提升HIV疫苗临床试验志愿者参与积极性的关键。