Harvest selection on multiple traits in the wild revealed by aquatic animal telemetry

Harvesting can have profound impacts on the ecology and evolution of marine populations. However, little is known about the strength and direction of fisheries-induced selection acting on multiple traits in the wild. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to directly monitor individual behavior and fate in an intensively harvested species, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus, n = 100), in southern Norway. Overall, 24% of the tracked lobsters survived the two-month harvest season within the study area. Our results indicated that local survival was not random with respect to phenotype. We found no clear support for fisheries-induced selection acting directly on body size. However, lobsters with large crusher claws relative to their body size, typical of socially dominant individuals, appeared at higher risk of being captured in the conventional trap fishery. We also detected a fine-scale spatial gradient in survival. After accounting for this gradient, individuals displaying larger home rang...

捕捞活动会对海洋种群的生态与演化产生深远影响。然而，学界对于野外环境下渔业诱导选择（fisheries-induced selection）对多性状的作用强度与方向仍知之甚少。本研究以挪威南部高密度捕捞物种欧洲龙虾（*Homarus gammarus*，样本量n=100）为研究对象，利用声学遥测技术直接监测个体的行为与存活状态。整体而言，在研究区域内的两个月捕捞季中，被追踪的龙虾有24%得以存活。研究结果显示，种群局部存活概率与个体表型并非随机关联。我们未发现明确证据表明渔业诱导选择直接作用于个体体型。然而，相对于自身体型粉碎螯更大的龙虾——这类个体通常具有社会支配地位——在传统笼壶渔业中被捕获的风险显著更高。本研究还检测到存活概率存在精细尺度的空间梯度。在对该空间梯度进行校正后，具有更大活动范围（home range）的个体……