A Values Framework for New Britain, Papua New Guinea 2017

We have developed a framework for collating and presenting information on the values of marine and coastal ecosystems to relevant stakeholders for planning and decision making tasks in New Britian, Papua New Guinea. The framework includes the following design criteria:• Includes a comprehensive range of value types, including socio-cultural, economic and ecosystem values, and all four ecosystem services types (provisioning, cultural, regulating and supporting).• Has the ability to reflect the different value (scalar) contexts of local, Provincial and National stakeholders.• Is spatial, being based on ecosystem feature layers.• Has the capacity to be spatially comprehensive, by including a full range of ecosystem features in the focus area.• Does not rely on monetisation or attempt to calculate a single value (e.g. TEV), but rather relies on a plurality of values.Attempts to presents information in a transparent, relevant, replicable and credible way.Our approach is built on contemporary approaches to the valuation of ecosystems for planning and management. This includes the expression of pluralist values and appropriate consideration of scale. Pluralist values recognises that there is value in reflecting a broad range of value types when considering the value of ecosystems across ecological, socio-cultural and economic values. There are four categories of values represented in the framework: ecosystem structure and processes (biodiversity, productivity, connectivity); ecosystem regulatory functions (climate, pest, and pollution regulation; hazard protection); ecosystem goods and services supply (food, fibre and fuel); and shared social values (spiritual, aesthetic, recreation, existence values). This represents a comprehensive range of value types as defined by a range of valuing frames, including ecosystem services, economic valuation and socio-cultural valuing approaches.A fundamental basis of our framework is that it is feature based – including both ecosystem and man-made features. The full range of socio-cultural, economic and ecological values can then be associated with that feature, and these can then be overlain in spatial systems to produce a comprehensive spatial valuation. In addition, the socio-cultural values associated with man-made features (such historical wrecks, buildings etc.) can be captured in the spatial values system.我们开发了一套框架，用于整理并展示巴布亚新几内亚新不列颠岛海洋与海岸生态系统（marine and coastal ecosystems）的价值信息，以供当地相关利益相关方开展规划与决策工作。 该框架包含以下设计准则： • 涵盖全面的价值类型，包括社会文化价值（socio-cultural value）、经济价值（economic value）与生态系统价值（ecosystem value），以及全部四类生态系统服务（ecosystem services）类型：供给服务（provisioning）、文化服务（cultural）、调节服务（regulating）与支持服务（supporting）。 • 可适配地方、省级及国家级利益相关方的差异化价值（scalar）语境。 • 具备空间属性，基于生态系统要素图层（feature layers）构建。 • 可实现空间全域覆盖，涵盖核心研究区内的全部生态系统要素。 • 不依赖货币化评估，也不试图计算单一价值（如总经济价值（Total Economic Value, TEV）），而是采用多元价值（pluralist values）框架；同时旨在以透明、关联、可复现且可信的方式呈现信息。 本框架基于当前用于生态系统规划与管理的生态价值评估方法构建，涵盖多元价值表达与尺度适配考量。多元价值框架认为，在评估生态系统的生态、社会文化与经济价值时，纳入广泛的价值类型具备重要意义。 本框架包含四类价值类别： • 生态系统结构与过程（ecosystem structure and processes）：涵盖生物多样性（biodiversity）、生产力（productivity）与连通性（connectivity）； • 生态系统调节功能（ecosystem regulatory functions）：涵盖气候调节、病虫害防治、污染管控与灾害防护； • 生态系统产品与服务供给（ecosystem goods and services supply）：涵盖食物、纤维与燃料； • 共享社会价值（shared social values）：涵盖精神价值、审美价值、休闲娱乐价值与存在价值（existence value）。 该框架涵盖了由多种评估范式（valuing frames）所界定的全面价值类型，评估范式包括生态系统服务、经济评估（economic valuation）与社会文化评估方法。 本框架的核心基础是以要素为核心——涵盖生态要素与人工要素（man-made features）。所有类型的社会文化、经济与生态价值均可关联至对应要素，并可通过空间系统叠加生成全域空间价值评估结果。此外，与人工要素（如历史沉船、建筑等）相关的社会文化价值，也可纳入该空间价值体系中。