Data for: Does Building Density Moderate the Cooling Efficiency of Urban Green Space? A Multi-City GEE-Based Analysis of Tropical Southeast Asian Cities

This dataset supports the study "Does Building Density Moderate the Cooling Efficiency of Urban Green Space? A Multi-City GEE-Based Analysis of Tropical Southeast Asian Cities" submitted to Forum Geografi (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). The dataset contains satellite-derived variables extracted via Google Earth Engine (GEE) for four tropical Southeast Asian cities — Bangkok (Thailand), Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), Jakarta (Indonesia), and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) — across five time points (2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023) at a 100m × 100m grid resolution. The primary analytical dataset (DATA_BERSIH_MASKED.csv) contains 3,487,604 grid observations after water pixel masking (NDWI > 0.3). Variables include land surface temperature (LST) derived from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-2, vegetation cover (NDVI), building density (NDBI), surface water index (NDWI), nighttime light intensity (NTL) from VIIRS, and elevation (DEM) from SRTM. The repository also includes saved R model objects, statistical output tables, figures, and a fully reproducible analysis script. Key finding: Building density strengthens the cooling efficiency of urban green space (γ₁ = −10.04, p < 0.001, R² = 0.633), with marginal cooling effects intensifying from −7.81°C per unit NDVI at low building density to −12.21°C at high building density.