Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities, 2019

The 2019 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities (CCF) was the ninth enumeration of state institutions and the sixth enumeration of federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and its predecessors. Earlier censuses were completed in 1979 (ICPSR 7852), 1984 (ICPSR 8444), 1990 (ICPSR 9908), 1995 (ICPSR 6953), 2000 (ICPSR 4021), 2005 (ICPSR 24642), and 2012 (ICPSR 37294). The 2019 CCF consisted of two data collection instruments - one for confinement facilities and one for community-based facilities. For each facility, information was provided on facility operator; sex of prisoners authorized to be housed by facility; facility functions; percentage of prisoners authorized to leave the facility; one-day counts of prisoners by sex, race/ethnicity, special populations, and holding authority; number of walkaways occurring over a one-year period; and educational and other special programs offered to prisoners. Additional information was collected from confinement facilities, including physical security level; housing for special populations; capacity; court orders for specific conditions; one-day count of correctional staff by payroll status and sex; one-day count of security staff by sex and race/ethnicity; assaults and incidents caused by prisoners; number of escapes occurring over a one-year period; and work assignments available to prisoners. Late in the data collection to avoid complete nonresponse from facilities, BJS offered the option of providing critical data elements from the two data collection instruments. These elements included facility operator; sex of prisoners authorized to be housed by facility; facility functions; percentage of prisoners authorized to leave the facility; one-day counts of prisoners by sex, and holding authority. Physical security level was an additional critical data element for confinement facilities. The census counted prisoners held in the facilities, a custody count. Some prisoners who are held in the custody of one jurisdiction may be under the authority of a different jurisdiction. The custody count is distinct from a count of prisoners under a correctional authority's jurisdiction, which includes all prisoners over whom a correctional authority exercises control, regardless of where the prisoner is housed. A jurisdictional count is more inclusive than a prison custody count and includes state and federal prisoners housed in local jails or other non-correctional facilities.

2019年州及联邦成人矫正设施（CCF）普查系由司法统计局及其前身赞助的第九次州立机构普查和第六次联邦机构普查。早期的普查分别在1979年（ICPSR 7852）、1984年（ICPSR 8444）、1990年（ICPSR 9908）、1995年（ICPSR 6953）、2000年（ICPSR 4021）、2005年（ICPSR 24642）和2012年（ICPSR 37294）完成。2019年的CCF普查包括两项数据收集工具——一项针对关押设施，另一项针对基于社区的设施。对于每个设施，均提供了设施运营者、获准在该设施内关押的囚犯性别、设施功能、获准离开设施囚犯的比例、按性别、种族/民族、特殊群体和羁押当局分类的囚犯一日计数、一年内发生的走失人数；以及提供给囚犯的教育和其他特殊项目。此外，从关押设施中收集了更多信息，包括物理安全级别、特殊群体住房、容量、特定条件的法院命令；按工资状况和性别一日计数的矫正工作人员；按性别和种族/民族一日计数的安保工作人员；囚犯引起的袭击和事件；一年内发生的逃亡次数；以及囚犯可从事的工作分配。为避免设施完全无响应，司法统计局在数据收集后期提供了从两项数据收集工具中提供关键数据元素的选择。这些元素包括设施运营者、获准在该设施内关押的囚犯性别、设施功能、获准离开设施囚犯的比例、按性别的一日囚犯计数，以及物理安全级别。普查计入了设施内被羁押的囚犯，即羁押计数。一些被某一司法管辖区羁押的囚犯可能处于另一司法管辖权的管辖之下。羁押计数与矫正当局管辖范围内的囚犯计数不同，后者包括矫正当局控制的、无论囚犯被关押在何处的一切囚犯。司法管辖区计数比监狱羁押计数更全面，包括被安置在地方监狱或其他非矫正设施中的州和联邦囚犯。