Impact of public health expenditure on malnutrition among Peruvians during the period 2010-2020: A panel data analysis

Background: The study analyzes the impact of public health spending on malnutrition among Peruvians, using data from the National Household Survey, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2010. -2020. Previous studies have revealed the existing relationship of health spending with the reduction of malnutrition. Methods: A quantitative approach is considered, with an explanatory type of research using panel data methodology considering the bidimensionality of the data, which allows quantifying this effect for the Peruvian case using the National Household Survey, data from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, as well as information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance in the period 2010-2020. Results: The results show that public expenditure on health has a negative relationship with malnutrition; the rural sector has a positive relationship with malnutrition given the limitations present for access to adequate food. Similarly, the unemployment rate shows a positive relationship with malnutrition, given that being unemployed leads to a higher cause of malnutrition in the population, and the gross domestic product has a negative relationship with malnutrition, given that greater economic growth produces an impact on reducing malnutrition, with the greatest impact being on the rural population and the gross domestic product. Conclusions: In the analysis period 2010-2020 in Peru, based on the panel data analysis, the impact of public health expenditure on reducing malnutrition is observed in 10 departments, achieving a reduction in malnutrition; while in 14 departments, this indicator has not been reduced.研究背景：本研究旨在分析公共卫生支出对秘鲁国民营养不良（malnutrition）状况的影响，采用2010-2020年多源数据开展研究，数据来源涵盖全国家庭调查、秘鲁中央储备银行、秘鲁国家统计与信息研究所以及秘鲁经济与财政部。既往研究已证实医疗卫生支出与营养不良发生率降低之间存在显著关联。 研究方法：本研究采用定量研究范式，以解释性研究为导向，运用考虑数据二维特征的面板数据（panel data）模型方法；依托2010-2020年全国家庭调查数据、秘鲁中央储备银行数据、秘鲁国家统计与信息研究所数据以及秘鲁经济与财政部透明度门户网站的信息，针对秘鲁实际场景量化该影响效应。 研究结果：结果显示，公共卫生支出与营养不良发生率呈负相关关系；农村地区因获取充足食品存在诸多限制，其营养不良发生率与该指标呈正相关。同理，失业率与营养不良发生率呈正相关，因失业会加剧人群营养不良风险；国内生产总值（gross domestic product, GDP）则与营养不良发生率呈负相关，经济增长水平越高越有助于降低营养不良发生率，且该改善效应在农村人群中最为显著。 研究结论：在2010-2020年秘鲁的分析周期内，通过面板数据模型分析可见，公共卫生支出在10个大区实现了营养不良发生率的降低；而其余14个大区的该指标未得到改善。