Figures from "The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus lives close to the upper thermal limit for early development in a tropical lagoon"

Figures 1-4 accompanying the paper: Collin, R. and Chan, K.Y.K. (2016), The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus lives close to the upper thermal limit for early development in a tropical lagoon. Ecol Evol, 6: 5623-5634. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2317 Figure 1. Response of adult L. variegatus to 2-h temperature exposures. (A) Logistic regression showing the effect of 2-h temperature exposures on survival 24 h postexposure (L50 = 35.1°C; c.i. = 34.8–35.4°C). Each point represents an independent trial with three adult urchins. Three trials were made at each temperature. Overlapping points are not visible. (B) Bar graph showing the results of ANOVA analysis of effects of temperature on righting time (ANOVA: r2 = 0.48; n = 36; df = 3; F = 9.93; P < 0.0001). Error bars indicating the standard error and * indicates significant difference at P < 0.0001. Figure 2. Data (A, C) and logistic regression (B, D) for temperature dependence of development from the heatblock assay of early development (A, B) and heatblock assay of 3–4 day old larvae (C, D). Each point represents the % survival of 60 embryos or 10–20 larvae counted from a single vial in one of nine replicate trials that placed 10 vials across the temperature gradient. Fertilization success (green triangles); initiation of cleavage (red squares); successful development to morula (blue diamonds), and larval survival (black ovals). Points on regression lines indicate 10%, 25%, and 50% mortality and horizontal lines extending from the points indicate the 95% confidence intervals (when visible). Figure 3. Relationship between culturing temperature and larval survival compared with days after fertilization. The number of larvae is the total number from two pooled 10-mL samples. Temperatures (standard deviations) of the treatments are as follows. Experiment 1: 23.4°C (0.3), 25.3°C (0.1), 28.3°C (0.2), and 31.9°C (0.1). Experiment 2: 22.8°C (0.4), 25.2°C (0.2), 28.0°C (0.1), 29.0°C (0.2), 30.8°C (0.3), and 31.7°C (0.4). Experiment 3: 27.6°C (0.2), 28.9°C (0.2), and 30.5°C (0.4). Experiment 4: 27.3°C (0.2), 29.9°C (0.2), and 30.3°C* (0.1). *This treatment drifted over time with an average temperature of 30.8°C for the first 2 days and 30.0°C thereafter. Figure 4. Relationship between culturing temperature and total length (from posterior end to the top of the oral hood), stomach length and total length of postoral arms (from posterior end to tip of postoral arm, averaged for both sides). Larvae from Experiments 1 and 2 were photographed on Day 4 after fertilization. Dots represent individual measurements and lines show the best fit quadratic, which strongly indicates a reduction in size above 29°C. In all cases, ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of temperature on size and the results of the post hoc Tukey HSD tests indicated that larvae reared at 31.9°C in Experiment 1 and at 30.8°C and 31.7°C in Experiment 2 had significantly smaller body lengths and stomach length than larvae raised at 26–29°C.

本数据集配套自论文：Collin, R. 与 Chan, K.Y.K. (2016)，《热带泻湖内的杂色海胆（Lytechinus variegatus）早期发育接近其高温耐受上限》，发表于《Ecol Evol》6卷：5623-5634，DOI链接：https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2317，包含该论文的图1至图4的相关数据。

图1 杂色海胆成体对2小时温度暴露的响应。(A) 逻辑回归（Logistic Regression）模型展示2小时温度暴露对暴露后24小时存活率的影响，半致死温度（L50）为35.1℃，置信区间（c.i.）为34.8–35.4℃。每个数据点代表一组独立试验，每组包含3只成年海胆，每个温度设置3组重复试验，重叠数据点未单独显示。(B) 柱状图展示温度对翻正时间影响的方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）结果（ANOVA：决定系数r²=0.48；样本量n=36；自由度df=3；F统计量=9.93；P<0.0001）。误差棒代表标准误（Standard Error），*表示在P<0.0001水平下存在显著差异。

图2 早期发育热阻断实验（Heatblock Assay）与3~4日龄幼虫热阻断实验中，发育过程的温度依赖性数据(A、C)与逻辑回归拟合曲线(B、D)。每个数据点代表单次试验单支培养管中60枚胚胎或10~20只幼虫的存活率，该试验共设置9组重复，每组在温度梯度上放置10支培养管。其中，绿色三角代表受精成功率（Fertilization Success），红色方块代表卵裂启动率，蓝色菱形代表成功发育至桑椹胚（Morula）的比例，黑色椭圆代表幼虫存活率。拟合曲线上的点分别代表10%、25%和50%死亡率对应的温度，从数据点延伸出的水平线段为95%置信区间（当可清晰显示时）。

图3 培养温度与幼虫存活率的关系，及受精后天数的变化。幼虫数量为两份混合的10mL样本中的总幼虫数。各处理组的温度（标准差）如下：试验1：23.4℃(0.3)、25.3℃(0.1)、28.3℃(0.2)及31.9℃(0.1)；试验2：22.8℃(0.4)、25.2℃(0.2)、28.0℃(0.1)、29.0℃(0.2)、30.8℃(0.3)及31.7℃(0.4)；试验3：27.6℃(0.2)、28.9℃(0.2)及30.5℃(0.4)；试验4：27.3℃(0.2)、29.9℃(0.2)及30.3℃*(0.1)。*该处理组温度随时间发生漂移，前2天平均温度为30.8℃，后续平均温度为30.0℃。

图4 培养温度与幼虫总长度（从后端至口罩顶端）、胃长度及口后臂总长度（从后端至口后臂顶端，取两侧平均值）的关系。试验1和试验2的幼虫于受精后第4天进行拍照。散点代表单个个体的测量值，拟合线为最优二次回归曲线，清晰显示29℃以上个体尺寸出现显著下降。所有分析均通过方差分析证实温度对体型存在显著影响，事后Tukey诚实显著差异（Tukey HSD, Honest Significant Difference）检验结果显示：试验1中31.9℃组、试验2中30.8℃和31.7℃组的幼虫，其体长与胃长度均显著低于26~29℃下饲养的幼虫。